Dyskinésie ciliaire primitive : revue rétrospective clinique et paraclinique - 22/09/11
Résumé |
Introduction |
La dyskinésie ciliaire primitive (DCP) est une maladie qui associe des symptômes pulmonaires et oto-rhino-laryngologiques. Un diagnostic précoce permet de prévenir les bronchectasies. Cette étude rétrospective avait pour but de revoir les données cliniques et paracliniques d’enfants suspects de DCP.
Résultats |
Au total, 89 enfants ont eu une étude de l’ultrastructure des cils entre 2000 et 2009. Le diagnostic a été porté chez 17 enfants. Une bronchopneumopathie est retrouvée dans 82 % des cas, 82 % ont des otites chroniques, 37 % une sinusite et 23 % un situs inversus. Ces patients avaient des anomalies des bras de dynéine dans 59 % des cas, du complexe central dans 35 % et des deux dans 6 %. La production nasale d’oxyde d’azote (NO) est en accord avec le résultat de la microscopie électronique dans 16 cas : cinq DCP, 11 sans DCP. Dans deux cas, les résultats sont discordants.
Conclusion |
Les symptômes discriminants pour le diagnostic de DCP sont les otites chroniques, les sinusites et le situs inversus, plus particulièrement lorsqu’ils surviennent dans un contexte de bronchopneumopathie. Des mesures du NO nasal élevées rendent improbables le diagnostic de DCP. Mais les résultats peuvent être intermédiaires et la microscopie électronique reste indispensable pour poser le diagnostic et guider la génétique.
Il testo completo di questo articolo è disponibile in PDF.Summary |
Introduction |
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an inherited disease responsible for a disruption of normal ciliary function. Its clinical presentation is usually in early childhood with pulmonary and otorhinolaryngologic symptoms. Early diagnosis is essential to avoid the development of bronchiectasis. The aim of the study was to retrospectively review the clinical features of children suspected to have PCD.
Results |
A total of 89 children had a bronchoscopy to perform a biopsy analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the childrens’ hospital of Rennes between 2000 and 2009. PCD was diagnosed in 17 children, excluded in 51 and results were uncertain in 21 children. Mean age at diagnosis was 6.5 years. In the PCD group, a history of neonatal respiratory distress was found in 40% of cases, 82% had had bronchopneumonia, 37% sinusitis, 82% recurrent otitis and 23% situs inversus. These subjects had defects in ciliary structure, 59% in the dynein arms, 35% in the central complex and 6% having both. Nasal nitric oxide production was consistent with the results of TEM in 16 cases: five PCD, 11 without PCD. In two cases, the results were discordant.
Conclusion |
This case series highlights the key clinical features of recurrent otitis, sinusitis, and situs inversus, especially when occurring in combination with bronchitic symptoms. Measures of nasal nitric oxide are useful for the diagnosis of PCD and in the case of high levels of NO, PCD is unlikely. Results may not be definitive and TEM analysis of biopsies is still indispensable to ensure the diagnosis and guide genetic counselling.
Il testo completo di questo articolo è disponibile in PDF.Mots clés : Dyskinésie ciliaire primitive, Signes et symptômes, Ultrastructure ciliaire, Oxyde d’azote, Enfant
Keywords : Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Signs and symptoms, Electron microscopy, Nitric oxide, Diagnosis, Child
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Vol 28 - N° 7
P. 856-863 - Settembre 2011 Ritorno al numeroBenvenuto su EM|consulte, il riferimento dei professionisti della salute.