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Prise en charge psychocorporelle des troubles somatiques fonctionnels - 14/06/24

Psychocorporal approach to functional somatic disorders

Doi : 10.1016/j.revmed.2024.05.025 
A. Kachaner a, , b , C. Lemogne c, d, B. Ranque a, c, e
a Service de médecine interne, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP–HP, Paris, France 
b Inserm, UMS 011 « Population-based Cohorts Unit », Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Paris, France 
c Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), université Paris-Cité, université Sorbonne-Paris-Nord, Paris, France 
d Service de psychiatrie de l’adulte, hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP–HP, Paris, France 
e Unité CASPer, hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, AP–HP, Paris, France 

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In corso di stampa. Prove corrette dall'autore. Disponibile online dal Friday 14 June 2024
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Résumé

Les troubles somatiques fonctionnels (TSF) sont fréquents et entraînent une détérioration significative de la qualité de vie. Leur origine est multifactorielle et mal comprise, mais leur prise en charge est relativement codifiée. Les traitements médicamenteux sont généralement peu efficaces tandis que les approches psychocorporelles jouent un rôle central, avec trois grands principes : une relation médecin–patient empathique, respectueuse et sincère, une activité physique régulière et graduelle, et une psychothérapie de type thérapie cognitive et comportementale (TCC). L’établissement d’une alliance thérapeutique repose sur la reconnaissance de la véracité et de la pénibilité des symptômes et la délivrance d’un diagnostic positif associé à un modèle explicatif rationnel. Les facteurs d’entretien cognitifs – focalisation attentionnelle et catastrophisme – et comportementaux doivent être recherchés et constituent des cibles thérapeutiques privilégiées. Les patients ont fréquemment des conduites d’évitement, notamment de l’effort physique. Il faut alors les inciter à reprendre une activité physique graduelle, en s’adaptant à leurs possibilités. Celle-ci a fait ses preuves dans l’amélioration de la fatigue, la douleur et la qualité de vie physique et mentale des patients. Parmi les approches psychothérapeutiques, le bénéfice d’une TCC est modeste mais bien démontré. L’association d’une activité physique graduelle et d’une TCC semble complémentaire. D’autres approches comme la méditation de pleine conscience ont un niveau de preuve plus faible. Étant donnée la fréquence des TSF dans la population générale, il semble nécessaire que l’ensemble des médecins soit formé à leur prise en charge.

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Abstract

Functional somatic disorders (FSD) are common conditions that result in a significant deterioration of the quality of life. Their origin is multifactorial and poorly understood, and their management is often inadequately defined. Medications typically show limited effectiveness, while mind–body approaches play a central role, guided by three key principles: establishing an empathetic, respectful, and sincere doctor–patient relationship; promoting regular and gradual physical activity; and implementing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Special attention must be devoted to establishing a trustworthy relationship between the physician and the patient. Recognizing the reality and severity of symptoms and providing a positive diagnosis as well as an explanatory model to account for them rationally are fundamental aspects of patient management. Cognitive and behavioral maintenance factors should be investigated and constitute therapeutic targets. Cognitive factors include focused attention on body functioning and catastrophizing. Patients frequently display avoidance behaviors, particularly in relation to physical exertion, and it is crucial to motivate them to reintroduce gradual physical activity customized to their abilities. This approach has demonstrated efficacy in improving fatigue, pain, and the physical and mental quality of life for patients with FSD. Among psychotherapeutic approaches, the benefit of CBT is well-established. The combination of gradual physical activity and CBT appears to be complementary. Other mind-body approaches such as mindfulness meditation might help although their level of evidence is weaker. Given the prevalence of FSD in the general population, it seems necessary for all physicians to be trained in managing this condition.

Il testo completo di questo articolo è disponibile in PDF.

Mots clés : Troubles somatiques fonctionnels, Fibromyalgie, Syndrome de fatigue chronique, Activité physique graduelle, Thérapie cognitive et comportementale

Keywords : Somatic symptom disorder, Functional somatic disorder, Fibromyalgia, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Cognitive and behavioural therapy, Gradual physical exercice


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© 2024  The Author(s). Pubblicato da Elsevier Masson SAS. Tutti i diritti riservati.
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