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Assessment of heavy metals and macromineral in frequently used medicinal plants from Algerian Sahara traditional ethnopharmacopeia - 01/06/23

Évaluation des métaux lourds et des macro-minéraux dans les plantes médicinales fréquemment utilisées dans l’ethnopharmacopée traditionnelle du Sahara algérien

Doi : 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.12.003 
C. Melkaoui a, b, c, , A. Cheriti a, M. Bouchekara b
a Phytochemistry & Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Tahri Mohamed University, 08000 Bechar, Algeria 
b Faculty of the Exact Sciences, Mustapha Stambouli University, B.P. 305, 29000 Mascara, Algeria 
c Center for Scientific and Technical Research in Physical and Chemical Analysis (CRAPC), PO Box 384 Bousmail, 42004 Tipaza, Algeria 

Corresponding author at: Center for Scientific and Technical Research in Physical and Chemical Analysis (CRAPC), PO Box 384 Bousmail, 42004 Tipaza, Algeria.Center for Scientific and Technical Research in Physical and Chemical Analysis (CRAPC)PO Box 384 BousmailTipaza42004Algeria

Highlights

Medicinal plants are considered important for the inhabitants of the Algerian desert. In this study, plants commonly used were selected.
Minerals are necessary for the normal function of the cells of the body, the body needs quantities of known proportions. Plants are one of the sources of these elements, so it is necessary to know the concentrations of minerals in medicinal plants.
It was observed that the metal contents were low, except for the Nickel in the Capparis spinosa L sample. The chemical composition of soil and water can be the main factor that contributes to the mineral contents of plants.
All samples were determined to have lower levels of heavy metals. Based on traditional use, we can speculatively conclude that these medicinal plants pose no risk to users.

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Summary

In this study, a total of 15 elements, both physiological and causing toxic effects, have been determined in 9 medicinal plants collected from their natural environment in the Algerian Sahara regions. The concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after acid digestion and by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). By analyzing the spiked test and the reference materials, the accuracy of the measurements was determined. Our findings show differences in elements composition and concentration between the species under investigation, indicating differences in physiological function of the plant as a result of elemental interactions within it. The elements were quantified (in μg/g): Br (0.04–5.44), Cd (1.21–1.34), Co (1.12–64.35), Cr (1.51–59.05), Cu (1.81–9.28), Fe (94.26–668.55), Mn (16.34–70.77), Ni (1.5–53.64), Pb (1.18–2.55), Zn (1.21–310.80) and (in mg/g): Ca (4.23–4.70), Cl (21.98–117.91), P (28.92–30.49), S (4.15–11.95), Si (1.99–2.36). Mean element levels in medicinal plants were established in decreasing order as follows: Zn>Mn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd>Co. Except for nickel, which reached 53.64μg/g in the Capparis spinosa L species, heavy metal concentrations were found to be low in all samples. Based on traditional use, we can cautiously conclude that these medicinal plants pose no risk to users.

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Résumé

Dans cette étude, un total de 15 éléments a été déterminé dans 9 plantes médicinales collectées dans leur environnement naturel dans la région du Sahara algérien. Les concentrations d’éléments ont été déterminées par spectrométrie d’émission optique à plasma à couplage inductif (ICP-OES) après digestion acide et par la spectrométrie de fluorescence X (XRF). L’exactitude des mesures a été déterminée par l’analyse de l’essai dopé et des matériaux de référence. Les résultats montrent des différences dans la composition et la concentration des éléments entre les espèces étudiées, ce qui indique des différences dans la fonction physiologique de la plante en raison des interactions élémentaires en son sein. Les éléments ont été quantifiés (en μg/g) : Br (0,046–5,445), Cd (1,21–1,34), Co (1,12–64,35), Cr (1,51–59,05), Cu (1,81–9,28), Fe (94,26–668,55), Mn (16,34–70,77), Ni (1,5–53,64), Pb (1,18–2,55), Zn (1,21–310,80) et (en mg/g) : Ca (4,23–4,70), Cl (21,98–117,91), P (28,92–30,49), S (4,15–11,95), Si (1,99–2,36). Les niveaux moyens d’éléments dans les plantes médicinales ont été établis par ordre décroissant comme suit : Zn>Mn>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cd>Co. À l’exception du nickel, qui a atteint 53,64μg/g dans l’espèce Capparis spinosa L, les concentrations en métaux lourds se sont avérées faibles dans tous les échantillons. Sur la base de l’utilisation traditionnelle, nous pouvons conclure avec prudence que ces plantes médicinales ne présentent aucun risque pour les utilisateurs.

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Keywords : Heavy metals, Macroelements, Medicinal plants, Sahara, ICP-OES, X-ray fluorescence

Mots clés : Métaux lourds, Macro-éléments, Plantes médicinales, Sahara, ICP-OES, Fluorescence X


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Vol 81 - N° 4

P. 616-626 - Giugno 2023 Ritorno al numero
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