Thromboembolism and bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation and liver disease – A nationwide register-based cohort study : Thromboembolism and bleeding in liver disease - 01/10/22
, Anne Lund Krarup c, d, Peter Sogaard a, Michael Maeng e, Bhupendar Tayal a, Christina Ji-Young Lee f, g, Christian Torp-Pedersen a, g, Gregory YH Lip a, h, Peter Holland-Fischer d, i, Kristian Hay Kragholm a, jHighlights |
• | Anticoagulation in liver disease and atrial fibrillation may reduce thromboembolic risk. |
• | Anticoagulation in liver disease and atrial fibrillation is not associated with increased bleeding. |
• | Only a minority of patients with liver disease and atrial fibrillation receive anticoagulation. |
Abstract |
Background |
Balancing the risk of thromboembolism and bleeding in patients with liver disease and atrial fibrillation/flutter is particularly challenging.
Purpose |
To examine the risks of thromboembolism and bleeding with use/non-use of oral anticoagulation (including vitamin K-antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants) in patients with liver disease and AF.
Methods |
Danish nationwide register-based cohort study of anticoagulant naive individuals with liver disease, incident atrial fibrillation/flutter, and a CHA2DS2-VASc-score≥1 (men) or ≥2 (women), alive 30 days after atrial fibrillation/flutter diagnosis. Thromboembolism was a composite of ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack, or venous thromboembolism. Bleeding was a composite of gastrointestinal, intracerebral, or urogenital bleeding requiring hospitalisation, or epistaxis requiring emergency department visit or hospital admission. Cause-specific Cox-regression was used to estimate absolute risks and average risk ratios standardised to covariate distributions. Because of significant interactions with anticoagulants, results for thromboembolism were stratified for CHA2DS2-VASc-score, and results for bleeding were stratified for cirrhotic/non-cirrhotic liver disease.
Results |
Four hundred and nine of 1,238 patients with liver disease and new atrial fibrillation/flutter initiated anticoagulants. Amongst patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc-score of 1–2 (2–3 for women), five-year thromboembolism incidence rates were low and similar in the anticoagulant (6.5%) versus no anticoagulant (5.5%) groups (average risk ratio 1.19 [95%CI, 0.22–2.16]). In patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc-score>2 (>3 for women), incidence rates were 16% versus 24% (average risk ratio 0.66 [95%CI, 0.45–0.87]). Bleeding risks appeared higher amongst patients with cirrhotic versus non-cirrhotic disease but were not significantly affected by anticoagulant status.
Conclusion |
Oral anticoagulant initiation in patients with liver disease, incident new atrial fibrillation/flutter, and a high CHA2DS2-VASc-score was associated with a reduced thromboembolism risk. Bleeding risk was not increased with anticoagulation, irrespective of the type of liver disease.
Il testo completo di questo articolo è disponibile in PDF.Keywords : Atrial fibrillation, Bleeding, Liver disease, Oral anticoagulants, Stroke, Thromboembolism
Abbreviations : AF, ARR, DOAC, ICD-10, GDPR, INR, MELD, MELD-Na, NSAID, OAC, TE, TIA, VK
Mappa
Vol 46 - N° 8
Articolo 101952- Ottobre 2022 Ritorno al numero
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