Cycling has grown in popularity over the past 20 to 30 years, serving as transportation, fitness, and sport. Cycling is unique for several reasons: it is a non–weight-bearing sport, nearly all of the motion is in the sagittal plane, and it is one of the only sports where an individual remains attached to a machine for a long duration. As such, the cycling athlete has unique needs compared with other endurance-based athletes. The complex biomechanical interaction of bicycle and rider requires a systematic process for assessment, which provides the framework for understanding, evaluating, and treating overuse injury in cyclists.