Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer et d'analyser les paramètres influençant le volume des pertes sanguines survenues durant et au décours de 350 arthroplasties totales de hanche.

Le volume des pertes sanguines a été calculé en tenant compte des pertes sanguines compensées et des pertes non compensées estimées selon la formule de Nadler et al. et de Mercuriali et Inghilleri. L'influence de l'étiologie, de l'âge, du sexe, de l'existence d'une surcharge pondérale, de l'expérience du chirurgien ont été analysées.

Les volumes des pertes sanguines ont été de 573 ml d'hématies pour les arthroses d'évolution habituelle, de 713 ml pour les ostéonécroses de la tête fémorale, de 950 ml pour les coxarthroses destructrices rapides et de 609 ml pour les coxites rhumatoïdes. Les pertes sanguines totales ont été significativement plus importantes lors d'arthroplasties réalisées à l'occasion d'ostéonécroses et de coxarthroses destructrices rapides (p ≪ 0,001). Ni l'âge, ni l'existence d'une surcharge pondérale, ni la durée de l'intervention n'ont eu d'influence significative sur le saignement. Le sexe féminin et l'expérience de l'opérateur n'ont eu d'influence favorable que dans le groupe des patients opérés pour arthrose primitive.

Les pertes sanguines survenant durant et au décours d'arthroplasties totales de hanche sont plus importantes lorsque celles-ci sont réalisées chez les hommes, à l'occasion d'ostéonécroses et surtout de coxarthroses destructrices rapides.

The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to study the parameters having an effect on blood loss during or after total hip arthroplasty. We examined a series of 350 procedures for primary degenerative hip disease with a normal course (n = 100), rapidly destructive degenerative disease (n = 100), and secondary joint degeneration due to atraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (n = 100) or rheumatoid disease (n = 50).

All arthroplasties were performed via the transtrochanteric approach using Charnley-Kerboull implants. The volume of blood loss was calculated by noting compensated blood loss (transfusion during the procedure and shortly thereafter), and estimated non-compensated loss using the Nadler and Mercuriali and Inghilleri formula. We examined the influence of age, gender, obesity, and surgeon experience. Data were analyzed with the Student-Fisher reduced deviation method was used for quantitative and qualitative variables and the coefficient of correlation for quantitative variables.

Blood loss, calculated in ml packed red blood cells (hematocrit 100%), was 573 ml for arthroplasties with a normal course, 713 for arthroplasties secondary to osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and 950 ml for rapidly destructive degenerative disease and finally 609 ml for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Considering 35% as normal for hematocrit, total estimated blood loss was 1 640, 2 040, 2 710, and 1 740 ml respectively in the different groups. Compared with the group of patients who had a normal course, total blood loss was significantly higher when arthroplasty was performed for osteonecrosis and rapidly destructive degenerative disease (p ≪ 0.001). Age, obesity, and duration of the intervention had no effect on blood loss. Female gender and operator experience had a favorable influence in the group of patients who underwent hip surgery for primary degenerative disease. Blood loss occurring during or shortly after total hip arthroplasty was greater in men, when the procedure was performed for osteonecrosis, and most importantly for rapidly destructive diseases.

In clinical practice, the influence of gender is not significant enough to require specific preoperative transfusion plans. Conversely, certain etiologies of the joint disease impose transfusion in all such patients, using a blood volume which usually exceeds the possibilities of auto-transfusions.