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Luxation intra-prothétique dans la cupule à double mobilité de Bousquet - 16/04/08

Doi : RCO-05-2004-90-3-0035-1040-101019-ART7 

F. Lecuire [1],

I. Benareau [1],

J. Rubini [1],

M. Basso [1]

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Nous avons observé de 1989 à 1999, 7 cas de luxation intra-prothétique sur des cupules à double mobilité, par usure du système de rétention du polyéthylène. Cette complication s'est produite sur des patients à risque élevé de luxation 6 fois sur 7, dix ans en moyenne après l'implantation de la cupule, associée à des tiges vissées à gros diamètre de col avec des têtes 22,2 mm. Les patients ont tous été réopérés, 6 fois très précocement par simple changement de l'embase modulaire et de l'insert en polyéthylène avec un bon résultat avec un recul de 3 à 8 ans. Un seul patient opéré à un mois, a subi un changement de l'embase et de la cupule avec implantation d'un implant primaire classique, intervention suivie d'une luxation récidivante.

La luxation intra-prothétique, rare à moyen terme, est due à la faillite par usure du système de rétention en polyéthylène de la tête prothétique. Cette usure est favorisée par des phénomènes directs (contact col polyéthylène) et indirects (facteurs limitant la mobilité du couple cupule-insert polyéthylène mobile). Le traitement obligatoirement chirurgical peut être simple s'il est très précoce. Mais il peut être nécessaire de changer tout ou une partie des pièces fixées dans l'os, l'implant acétabulaire en particulier.

Le choix de ce type de cupule implique des précautions d'utilisation particulières. L'éventualité de cette complication ne remet pas en cause l'efficacité de cet implant, préventive sur les terrains à risque ou curative dans les reprises d'instabilité chronique. Elle doit peut-être rendre prudent sur son utilisation systématique chez des sujets jeunes.

Intra-prosthetic dislocation of the Bousquet dual mobility socket

Purpose of the study

The Bousquet system is a dual mobility head-polyethylene polyethylene-metal cup socket. The polyethylene insert retaining the femoral head moves in the noncemented metal cup, increasing both mobility and stability.

Material and method

Between 1989 and 1997, seven cases of intra-prosthetic dislocation (six patients) were observed. The femoral head escaped from the polyethylene insert due to wear. On the average, this complication occurred ten years after implantation. Risk of dislocation was high in six of the seven hips. All patients had a large sized stem screwed into the femoral neck. There was a characteristic radiological aspect with loss of the concentric head metal cup configuration. The head was applied against the upper wall of the metal cup.

Results

Surgical replacement was undertaken early in six patients by simply changing the insert without modifying the other stable components. Outcome remained good at three to eight years. One patient underwent late surgery. The insert and the cup were replaced with a classical implant. Functional outcome was good but recurrent dislocation occurred.

Discussion

At mid-term, intra-prosthetic dislocation of dual mobility sockets appears to be exceptional. Dislocation results from polyethylene wear leading to failure of the insert to retain the prosthetic head. Wear is favored by direct phenomena (direct contact between neck and insert which can occur early if there is a small difference in the head and neck diameters) or indirect phenomena (factors limiting polyethylene metal-cup mobility). Surgical treatment is necessary. If undertaken early, replacement with a modular head and insert can be sufficient if the prosthesis has not loosened but the metal cup may have to be replaced in the event of metal-metal contact between the head and the cup. Prosthesis loosening, wear of the metal cup, or an identified cause of dislocation imply replacing the failing implants. Implantation of the dual mobility system is particularly interesting for patients with a high risk of dislocation or a chronically unstable hip prosthesis. Careful technique is required to reduce or retard the risk of intra-prosthetic dislocation.

Conclusion

Intra-prosthetic dislocation of a dual mobility socket is an exceptional complication at mid-term. Surgical treatment is required but may be limited to simple insert replacement. Systematic use of this type of implant in young subjects must be carefully examined, but for us, the risk of dislocation does not outweigh the advantages of this original concept of dual mobility. This type of socket remains an useful preventive technique for high-risk hips or for curative treatment of recurrent dislocation.


Mots clés : Cupule à double mobilité , luxation , usure du polyéthylène

Keywords: Dual mobility socket , dislocation , polyethylene wear


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Vol 90 - N° 3

P. 249-255 - Maggio 2004 Ritorno al numero
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