Current insights into the genetics of food allergy - 09/01/21
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Abstract |
Food allergy (FA), a growing public health burden in the United States, and familial aggregation studies support strong roles for both genes and environment in FA risk. Deepening our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms driving FAs is paramount to improving its prevention, diagnosis, and clinical management. In this review, we document lessons learned from the genetics of FA that have aided our understanding of these mechanisms. Although current genetic association studies suffer from low power, heterogeneity in definition of FA, and difficulty in our ability to truly disentangle FA from food sensitization (FS) and general atopy genetics, they reveal a set of genetic loci, genes, and variants that continue to implicate the importance of barrier and immune function genes across the atopic march, and FA in particular. The largest reported effects on FA are from MALT1 (odds ratio, 10.99), FLG (average odds ratio, ∼2.9), and HLA (average odds ratio, ∼2.03). The biggest challenge in the field of FA genetics is to elucidate the specific mechanism of action on FA risk and pathogenesis for these loci, and integrative approaches including genetics/genomics with transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics will be critical next steps to translating these genetic insights into practice.
Il testo completo di questo articolo è disponibile in PDF.Key words : Food allergy, peanut allergy, genetics, genomics, barrier genes, immune genes, atopic march, Dual Allergen hypothesis, FLG, HLA
Abbreviations used : AD, AR, CGAS, CMA, DZ, EA, EDC, EoE, FA, FLG, FS, GOFA, GWAS, G × E, LD, LEAP, LOF, MZ, NR, OFC, OR, PA, ps, sIgE, SNP
Mappa
K.K. and R.A.M. are supported in part by the Immune Tolerance Network, an international clinical research consortium headquartered at the Benaroya Research Institute, and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (award no. UM1AI109565). H.I. and S.B. are supported in part by the NIH (grant nos. NIH R01 AI 147028, U19 AI 136053, and R01 AI118833). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. |
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Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest. |
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Terms in boldface and italics are detailed in the glossary on page 16. |
Vol 147 - N° 1
P. 15-28 - Gennaio 2021 Ritorno al numeroBenvenuto su EM|consulte, il riferimento dei professionisti della salute.
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