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L'arthrodèse des quatre os du poignet - 16/04/08

Doi : RCO-05-2002-88-3-0035-1040-101019-ART9 

M. Bertrand [1],

B. Coulet [1],

M. Chammas [1],

C. Rigout [1],

Y. Allieu [1]

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Le but de ce travail était d'évaluer les résultats des arthrodèses intracarpiennes pour arthrose évoluée du poignet, à partir d'une série de 17 patients revus dans un délai moyen de 3,4 ans (1 à 10 ans). Leur âge moyen était de 41,5 ans, 80 % exerçaient une profession manuelle. En préopératoire, la douleur, principale doléance des patients, était jugée invalidante dans 95 % des cas, entraînant une perte de force de 48,5 % en moyenne par rapport au côté sain. Les amplitudes articulaires étaient limitées dans tous les cas : 85° d'amplitude moyenne en flexion-extension et 22,5° en inclinaison radio-ulnaire. Radiologiquement, l'arthrose atteignait les articulations : radio-scaphoïdienne dans tous les cas, capito-lunaire dans 63 % des cas et scapho-capitale dans 58 % des cas. Elle était jugée globale pour 58 % des poignets.

Au recul, la douleur était nulle dans 41 % des cas, occasionnelle dans 24 % et gênante lors du travail de force dans 35 %. Les patients ne ressentaient aucune gêne pour la pratique des activités quotidiennes, la perte de force était en moyenne de 41 % par rapport au côté sain. Les mobilités étaient au recul : 70° d'arc de mobilité en flexion-extension (40° de flexion et 30° d'extension) et 35° pour les inclinaisons radio-ulnaires avec notamment 17,5° dans le secteur ulnaire. Les résultats globaux obtenus étaient jugés bons pour 65 % des patients, moyens dans 17,5 % et mauvais dans 17,5 % (3 cas). Radiologiquement, la fusion était obtenue 16 fois dans un délai moyen de 4,5 semaines.

En conclusion, devant l'arthrose évoluée du carpe, l'arthrodèse est une intervention efficace sur la douleur. Elle se justifie lorsque la résection de la première rangée est dépassée en raison de l'évolution arthrosique et si l'on souhaite éviter les conséquences plus invalidantes de l'arthrodèse totale du poignet.

Four-bone fusion of the wrist: review of 17 cases at an average 3.4 years follow-up

Purpose of the study

We reviewed retrospectively outcome after intracarpal arthrodesis for advanced-stage osteoarthritis of the wrist.

Material and methods

Among the 20 patients who underwent a four-bone fusion between 1989 and 1998 in our unit, 17 were available for analysis. Mean age of the study population was 41.5 years. These young patients had an occupational activity and 80% of them were manual laborers. Preoperatively, pain was the main complaint; 95% of the patients considered pain to be invalidating. Grip force was 48.5% compared to the healthy side. Joint amplitudes were limited in all patients: flexion-extension 85°, radio-ulnar inclination 22.5° with 12.5° for the ulnar side. Mean loss of motion compared with the healthy side was 32.5% for flexion-extension, and 44% for radio-ulnar inclination. The preoperartive radiograph showed degenerated capito-lunate joints in 63% of the cases, degenerative scapho-capital joints in 58% and total loss of the radio-scaphoid joint space in 100%. Degeneration was considered to be global in 58% of the wrists.

Results

Mean follow-up for the 17 wrists studied was 3.4 years (range 1-10). At last follow-up, 41% of the wrists were pain free, 24% were painful occasionally, and 35% were bothersome for heavy work. The patients did not express any difficulties in daily activities. Grip force was only slightly improved with a 7.5% gain over the preoperative value. Joint motion at last follow-up was, on the average, 70° flexion-extension (40° flexion and 30° extension) and 35° radio-ulnar inclination (17.5° ulnar). Eleven patients (65%) had resumed their occupational activities at the same level two months after surgery. Outcome was deemed satisfactory by 65% of the patients, fair by 17.5%, and poor by 17.5% (3 patients). Radiological fusion was achieved in 16 wrists at a mean 4.5 weeks. Mean carpal height was 0.42 compared with 0.52 for the healthy side and 0.47 preoperatively. There was no significant relationship between carpal height and poor outcome.

Discussion

Data in the literature are in agreement with the good results obtained for pain and activity level despite the inconstant effect on grip force and joint amplitude.

Conclusion

Four-bone fusion is an effective treatment for patients with advanced-stage osteoarthritis of the wrist where the level of degeneration rules out resection. The consequences of total wrist arthroplasty are much more invalidating.


Mots clés : Poignet , arthrodèse intra-carpienne , arthrose du poignet , instabilité du carpe

Keywords: Intracarpal arthrodesis , wrist , osteoarthritis , carpal instability


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Vol 88 - N° 3

P. 286-292 - Maggio 2002 Ritorno al numero
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