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Décompensation d'une artérite après chirurgie osseuse et articulaire - 16/04/08

Doi : RCO-11-2001-87-7-0035-1040-101019-ART1 

A. Lamblin [1],

H.-D. Nguyen [1],

B. Alarcon [1],

C. Fontaine [2],

J.-P. Chambon [1]

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L'objectif de ce travail était l'analyse d'une série rétrospective de 9 observations de décompensation d'artérite des membres inférieurs après chirurgie osseuse ou articulaire dans le but de proposer une prise en charge thérapeutique adaptée en fonction de la localisation des lésions osseuses ou articulaires et des lésions artérielles.

Entre janvier 1997 et décembre 1999, 6 patients au décours du traitement d'une fracture et 3 patients au décours d'une intervention orthopédique réglée des membres inférieurs ont été suivis pour décompensation d'artérite. Il s'agissait de 6 hommes et 3 femmes de 58 ans d'âge moyen. Les lésions osseuses et articulaires atteignaient l'extrémité proximale du membre inférieur dans 5 cas et l'extrémité distale dans 4 cas. Sept patients avaient des antécédents de pathologie vasculaire avant le geste ostéo-articulaire.

Les modes de révélation ont été des lésions musculaires et cutanées (n = 9) et des retards de consolidation osseuse (n = 2). La mortalité postopératoire a été de 1 cas sur 9. Une revascularisation a été réalisée 6 fois sur 9. Une amputation a été nécessaire dans 6 cas et le sauvetage du membre a été obtenu 3 fois sur 9. Parmi les amputés, 2 patients ont pu être appareillés et ont retrouvé une mobilité et une marche normale.

Decompensation of lower limb arteritis after bone and joint surgery

Purpose of the study

Decompensation of lower limb arteritis after bone and joint surgery is an unusual finding compared with the large number of procedures performed in both emergency and controlled settings. There is however a functional and limb-threatening risk that must not be overlooked.

Material and methods

We report a series of 9 patients followed in our department over the last 3 years. Emergency surgery had been required in 6 patients after trauma and 3 had undergone a planned orthopedic procedure. All the patients had at least one vascular risk factor, and 7 of them had a cardiovascular history. The inaugural sign was a trophic disorder due to a grade IV decompensated arteritis in 8 patients, including 2 with nonunion. Delay to treatment ranged from 1 to 3 months. Acute embolic ischemia required emergency care in 1 patient.

Results

A revascularization procedure was performed on 6 limbs and was successful in 3. There were also 6 amputations, three initially, 1 after septic shock and 2 because revascularization was impossible. Three of the amputations were required after failed revascularization. Prosthesis wearing and walking was possible in only two amputated patients. Overall rate of successful salvage was 33 % (3 successful revascularizations among 9 limbs). One of the nonunions healed after revascularization; the limb was amputated for the other one. One patient died from septicemia.

Discussion

Our series further illustrates the severity of decompensated arteritis after bone and joint surgery, emphasizing the importance of searching for cardiovascular risk factors and functional signs suggestive of a vascular disorder. Arterial duplex Doppler and if necessary arteriography of the lower limbs should be obtained in case of doubt. Two different situations can be distinguished depending on the predictable vascular risk and the localization of the planned bone reconstruction. If the patient has an asymptomatic proximal arteritis and bone and joint surgery is planned above the knee, a revascularization procedure would not appear necessary prior to bone surgery. In other cases, it may be more advisable to treat the arteritis before attempting bone surgery. For trauma victims, the osteosynthesis technique depends greatly on knowledge of the vascular risk.


Mots clés : Artérite des membres inférieurs , traumatisme , traumatologie , chirurgie orthopédique

Keywords: Arterities , injuries , traumatology , orthopedics


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Vol 87 - N° 7

P. 639-644 - Novembre 2001 Ritorno al numero
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