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Directives de fin de vie en maison d’accueil spécialisée - 16/04/20

End of life directives in specialized home

Doi : 10.1016/j.medpal.2019.11.002 
Vincent Hémonel
 Résidence des Oliviers (MAS) – AEDE, 53, avenue du Général Leclerc, 77120 Coulommiers, France 

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Résumé

Objectifs et Contexte

C’est au décours de la prise en charge d’un résident polyhandicapé dyscommunicant en situation palliative, pour lequel le projet de vie et de soins a été établi par l’intermédiaire d’une réflexion collégiale, que l’équipe soignante s’est interrogée sur l’anticipation des directives de fin de vie pour d’autres résidents. Quelles seraient, alors, les conséquences pour ces résidents et leurs familles d’anticiper une telle réflexion dans ce contexte ?

Methodologie

Les résidents et leur famille sont vus une première fois en binôme (médecin/psychologue ou infirmière). À l’issue de ce premier entretien, la situation est signalée au réseau afin d’initier une réflexion. Nous organisons ensuite une réunion collégiale si besoin à laquelle participent les familles, le médecin du réseau, le médecin traitant, deux référents soignants et une infirmière de la MAS. A posteriori, les familles sont contactées par téléphone afin de réaliser une enquête concernant leur vécu.

Résultats et discussion

Sept résidents ont fait l’objet de ce dispositif. Trois d’entre eux ont nécessité la réalisation d’une réunion collégiale. Deux d’entre eux ont été accompagnés jusqu’à leur décès au sein de la résidence. Pour le troisième, il a été décidé de ne pas mettre en place de nutrition artificielle. Les 4 derniers résidents et l’équipe ont été vus en entretien par le réseau. Les 7 familles contactées a posteriori ont dit ressentir un soulagement ou un effet déculpabilisant.

Conclusion

Ces résultats permettent de penser que l’anticipation de la réflexion avec les familles des résidents polyhandicapés dyscommunicants pourrait avoir des conséquences positives pour les résidents et leurs familles.

Il testo completo di questo articolo è disponibile in PDF.

Summary

Purpose and context

It is in the aftermath of the care of a 24-year-old dyscommunicant resident with a palliative situation, for whom the life and care project was established through a collegial reflection between the resident, the family, the specialized center team, an home hospitalization service and a health network, the health team questioned the anticipation of end-of-life guidelines for other residents. Determining the end-of-life time of a dyscommunicating person with multiple disabilities is extremely complex. Their existence is indeed marked by multiple episodes of decompensations and unexpected recoveries often leading, within families, an ambivalence between renunciation and relentlessness. End-of-life situations in specialized center are more and more frequent. What would be the consequences for these residents and their families to anticipate such a reflection when their child has survived so many trials and has already lost so much?

Method

The choice of families we meet is made in team meeting. At the end of this first interview, the situation is reported bucket in order to initiate a reflection, we then organize a collegial meeting at which involves the families, the doctor of the network, the doctor, two caregivers and a nurse. This meeting allows to define the medical situation: “are we in an end of life situation?”, the project of life, the project of care as well as the directives to follow in all at the end of life. Families are contacted later by to conduct a survey about their experience of the situation.

Results and discussion

Seven residents were the object of this device. Three of them required a collegial meeting. Two of them were accompanied until their death in the residence despite complex situations. We were able to organize the necessary aids (home hospitalization service/health network collaboration) for a more peaceful end of life for them and their families. For the third, it was decided not to set up artificial nutrition. The last four residents and the team were interviewed by the network. The seven families contacted a posteriori said to feel a relief or a guilt effect, three of them were able to feel anguished but without questioning the interest of this approach. Nevertheless, this reflection must remain ethical and collégial so as not to confuse: anticipate the reflection of end-of-life issues and accelerate the end of life.

Perspectives

These results suggest that the anticipation of reflection with disabled people's families may have positive consequences for residents and their families if the procedure is collegial and respects the rhythm of each actor on a case by case basis.

Il testo completo di questo articolo è disponibile in PDF.

Mots clés : Soins palliatifs, Polyhandicap, Éthique, Collégialité, Médico-social, Loi Clayes–Léonetti

Keywords : Palliative care, Polyhandicap, Ethics, Collegiality, Medico-social, Law Clayes–Leonetti


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 Article issu d’un mémoire écrit par Vincent Hemonel sous la direction de Martine Derzelle en vue de l’obtention du DIU de Soins palliatifs, Université Reims, soutenu en octobre 2016.


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