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Prothèses totales de hanche après échec de fixation de fractures per et sous-trochantériennes chez les sujets âgés - 27/03/08

Doi : RCO-06-2006-92-4-0035-8211-1040-101019-200518519 

P. Hernigou [1],

A. Poignard [1],

G. Mathieu [1],

G. Cohen [1],

O. Manicom [1],

P. Filippini [1]

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En cas d'échec d'une fracture per et sous-trochantérienne, la réintervention chez les sujets les plus jeunes a pour but d'obtenir la consolidation. Néanmoins, chez les sujets les plus âgés, la prothèse totale de hanche peut être discutée. Le but de cette étude rétrospective était d'évaluer les résultats et les complications des prothèses totales de hanche effectuées après échec de fixation de fracture per et sous-trochantérienne chez les sujets âgés. Entre 1990 et 2000, 20 patients ayant une moyenne d'âge de 79 ans ont été traités par prothèse totale de hanche après l'échec de traitement de fracture per et sous-trochantérienne : échec pour démontage précoce, pseudarthrose ou cal vicieux. Dix-huit patients ont eu une pièce fémorale cimentée et 2 patients une pièce fémorale non cimentée. Toutes les cupules étaient en polyéthylène et cimentées (8 cupules rétentives et 12 cupules non rétentives). Le temps moyen de l'intervention et le saignement ont été augmentés par rapport à une prothèse totale de hanche habituelle. Avant la prothèse de hanche, tous les patients étaient incapables de se déplacer. Au recul, tous les patients étaient capables de marcher avec ou sans canne. Le problème le plus difficile à résoudre dans cette série a été d'évaluer le risque d'infection occulte avant la mise en place d'une prothèse totale. Malgré les difficultés techniques, la prothèse totale de hanche est un moyen assez sûr pour traiter les échecs des ostéosynthèses des fractures per et sous-trochantériennes chez les sujets les plus âgés. La plupart des patients étaient indolores et avaient donc une amélioration fonctionnelle considérable après leur prothèse.

Total hip arthroplasty after failure of per- and subtrochanteric fracture fixation in elderly subjects

Purpose of the study

Most pertrochanteric fractures can be successfully fixed with osteosynthesis. Osteosynthesis fails however is a small number of patients who require re-operation for implantation of a total hip prosthesis. This situation occurs in particular when the material has penetrated the acetabulum and in elderly subjects. Although this type of arthroplasty is routine practice, few series have been reported. We present here outcome and complications of total hip arthroplasty after failure of per- and subtrochanteric fracture fixation.

Material and methods

Between 1990 and 2000, twenty patients aged 79 years on average (range 62-78 years) underwent revision for total hip arthroplasty after failure of osteosynthesis for fracture of the upper femur. A gliding THS had been used for fixation in 18 patients, a plate in one and a Gamma nail in one. Osteosynthesis failure was related to early disassembly in ten patients, pseudarthrosis in eight and malunion in two. Revision was performed via a posterolateral approach in all cases. A standard total hip prosthesis was used in 16 patients, a longer femoral stem was required in four. Femoral components were cemented in 18 patients and non-cemented in two. The cup was a standard cemented cup in 12, retaining and cemented in eight.

Results

Mean operative time and blood loss were greater than in first-intention arthroplasties. All patients had lost their independence prior to the revision procedure. Despite their age, all recovered independence after a stay in rehabilitation. Most still required crutches. Use of a retaining cup enabled avoiding dislocation in all cases. For those who did not have a retaining cup, dislocation was the most frequent complication (3/12). The difficulties observed were: 1) elimination of associated infection before surgery; many of these elderly subjects had altered ESR and CRP values for various reasons; 2) abnormal position of the trochanteric mass because of a rotation defect; 3) malunion of the upper femur in the frontal or sagittal planes; 4) more or less easily achieved positioning of the femoral piece on the calcar; 5) difficult intraoperative identification of limb length due to loss of usual landmarks on the lesser and greater trochanter; 6) removal of fracture screws which sometimes required use of a trephine and bridging the last screw hole with a longer centromedullary stem. The most frequent postoperative orthopedic problems were leg length discrepancy (1-2 cm for eight patients), gluteus medius insufficiency, limping and pain at palpation of the trochanteric area.

Discussion

Despite the difficult technique and the potential complications which are more important than for first-intention arthroplasties, this series demonstrates that total hip prosthesis is a reliable solution for treating fixation failures of the upper femur.


Mots clés : Prothèse totale de hanche , fracture trochantérienne , ostéosynthèse

Keywords: Total hip arthroplasty , trochanteric fracture , osteosynthesis disassembly


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Vol 92 - N° 4

P. 310-315 - giugno 2006 Ritorno al numero
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  • Positionnement de la cupule d'une prothèse totale de hanche par navigation sans image basée sur la cinématique articulaire
  • P. Laffargue, Y. Pinoit, J. Tabutin, F. Giraud, J. Puget, H. Migaud

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