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Induction à séquence rapide en urgence : quelle est la place du fentanyl ? - 01/01/02

S.  Gindre * ,  J.F.  Ciais,  J.  Levraut,  J.  Dellamonica,  J.P.  Guerin,  D.  Grimaud*Auteur correspondant

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Riassunto

Objectifs : Évaluer l'intérêt du fentanyl afin d'assurer le relais de sédation entre l'induction à séquence rapide (l'ISR) et l'entretien de la sédation, qui est une période critique, durant laquelle des manifestations neurovégétatives et des signes de réveil, préjudiciables pour les patients (agressions cérébrales secondaires d'origine systémique : ACSOS...) sont fréquemment rencontrés.

Type d'étude : Étude comparative, contrôlée, prospective, randomisée, réalisée en double aveugle, après acceptation du protocole et validation par le CCPPRB.

Patients et méthodes : Comparaison de trois groupes de patients : ceux du groupe A recevaient 3 μg kg-1 de fentanyl au cours de l'ISR, ceux du groupe B recevaient la même dose juste après l'ISR et ceux du groupe contrôle n'en recevaient pas. Le paramètre principal étudié était la survenue de signes de réveil (mouvements respiratoires, ouverture des yeux et mouvements volontaires des membres). La comparaison des taux de survenue des signes de réveil utilisait l'analyse de variance à un facteur contrôlé. Une valeur de p < 0,05 était retenue comme seuil de signification.

Résultats : Les 36 patients inclus dans l'étude ont présenté des signes de réveil. L'administration d'un bolus de fentanyl n'a pas évité le recours à d'autres médications sédatives. On note à la dixième minute des différences significatives sur les taux de survenue des signes de réveil, entre les groupes recevant du fentanyl (42 % pour le groupe A et 36 % pour le groupe B) et le groupe contrôle (77 %).

Conclusion : Le fentanyl, permet de retarder de manière significative la survenue de signes de réveil et d'atténuer les manifestations neurovégétatives dans les minutes suivant l'intubation orotrachéale par ISR, sans retentissement hémodynamique.

Mots clés  : Induction à séquence rapide ; Fentanyl ; Urgence.

Abstract

Objectives: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) with the association of etomidate and succinylcholine is the French “Gold standard” for urgent “full stomach” endotracheal intubations. The aim of this study is to assess the fentanyl as a co-induction agent to take over the sedation between the RSI and the keeping of sedation, which is a critical period in which harmful neuro-vegetatives events, and awakening signs are frequently seen.

Study design: Randomized, double blind controlled prospective study, after acceptation by the local ethical committee.

Patients and methods: Three groups of patients undergoing RSI in the intensive care unit and by the out-of-hospital medical team were compared: group A patients received fentanyl 3 μg kg-1 during RSI, before paralysis was induced. Group B patients received the same dose of fentanyl immediately after endotracheal intubation. Group C patients did not received fentanyl (control group). Outcome measures were awakening signs arrival (respiratory movements, eyes opening, spontaneous limb movements), Ramsay score assessment, and haemodynamics. Attempt at intubation and vomiting incident were also measured. Discrete data were compared by chi-2 analysis, continuous data were compared with two-way analysis of variance. A p value <0.05 was the significant threshold.

Results: Thirty-six patients were enrolled and completed the study. All the included patients presented awakening signs. The use of fentanyl did not prevent the recourse of other sedative medications. Ten minutes after endotracheal intubation, significant differences has been noticed for the awakening signs arrival between fentanyl groups (A: 42% and B: 36%) and control group (C: 77%). The Ramsay score evolution follows the same variation. All the patients were intubated on the first attempt, there was no vomiting incident noticed.

Conclusion: The use of fentanyl, as a co-induction agent with etomidate and succinylcholine during RSI, allows a significant delay of the awakening signs arrival and attenuate the neurovegetative response during the minutes after endotracheal intubation after RSI, without deleterious haemodynamic effects.

Mots clés  : Rapid sequence intubation ; Fentanyl.

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© 2002  Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. Tutti i diritti riservati.

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Vol 21 - N° 10

P. 760-766 - Dicembre 2002 Ritorno al numero
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  • Sédation en médecine d'urgence : pour l'urgence d'une définition
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  • Évaluation du confort postopératoire après amygdalectomie en ambulatoire chez l'enfant
  • C. Madadaki, M. Laffon, V. Lesage, M.H. Blond, E. Lescanne, C. Mercier

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