Insights into Long COVID: Unraveling Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Radiological Findings, Functional Sequelae and Correlations: A Retrospective Cohort Study - 18/03/25
, Maria Antonella Zingaropoli, PhD a, Federica Dominelli, PhD a, Angelo Giuseppe Solimini, PhD, MD a, Giorgio Maria Masci, MD b, Lucia Ilaria Birtolo, MD c, Lara Pasquariello, MD d, Filippo Paribeni, MD e, Franco Iafrate, MD b, Valeria Panebianco, MD b, Gioacchino Galardo, MD, PhD f, Massimo Mancone, MD, PhD c, Carlo Catalano, MD b, Francesco Pugliese, MD e, Paolo Palange, MD d, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, MD, PhD a, Maria Rosa Ciardi, MD a
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Abstract |
Background |
The long-term symptomatology of COVID-19 has yet to be comprehensively described. The aim of the study was to describe persistent COVID-19 symptoms in a cohort of hospitalized and home-isolated patients.
Methods |
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on long COVID patients. Long COVID symptoms were identified, and patients were divided into hospitalized (in-patients) and home-isolated (out-patients), as well as according to the number of symptoms. Patients were examined by a multidisciplinary medical team. Blood tests, high resolution chest computed tomography (CT), and physical and infectious examinations were performed. Finally, in-patients were evaluated at 2 time-points: on hospital admission (T0) and 3 months after discharge (Tpost).
Results |
There were 364 COVID-19 patients enrolled; 82% of patients reported one or more symptoms. The most reported symptom was fatigue. Chest CT showed alteration in 76% of patients, and pulmonary function alterations were observed in 44.7% of patients. A higher risk of presenting at least one symptom was seen in patients treated with corticosteroid, and a higher risk of presenting chest CT residual lesion was observed in hospitalized patients and in patients that received hydroxychloroquine treatment. Moreover, a higher risk of altered pulmonary function was observed in older patients.
Conclusion |
Long-term sequelae are present in a remarkable number of long COVID patients and pose a new challenge to the health care system to identify long-lasting effects and improve patients’ well-being. Multidisciplinary teams are crucial to develop preventive measures, and clinical management strategies.
El texto completo de este artículo está disponible en PDF.Keywords : Long COVID, PASC, Radiological long-term sequelae, Retrospective cohort study, SARS-CoV-2 infection
Esquema
| Funding: This study was not supported by funds. |
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| Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. |
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| Authorship: All authors had access to the data and played a role in writing the manuscript. PP: Writing – original draft, review, and editing, Investigation, Data curation, Conceptualization; MAZ: Writing – original draft, review, and editing, Methodology, Investigation, Conceptualization; FD: Writing – original draft, Investigation; AGS: Writing – original draft, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation; GMM: Methodology, Investigation, Data curation; LIB: Methodology, Investigation, Data curation; LP: Methodology, Investigation, Data curation; FP: Methodology, Investigation, Data curation; FI: Methodology, Investigation, Data curation; VP: Methodology, Investigation, Data curation; GG: Validation, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation; MM: Supervision, Investigation; CC: Supervision, Resources; FP: Validation, Resources; PP: Supervision, Resources, Methodology; CMM: Visualization, Validation, Supervision, Resources; MRC: Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Validation, Supervision, Project administration. |
Vol 138 - N° 4
P. 721-731 - avril 2025 Regresar al número
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