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SARS-CoV-2: From the pathogenesis to potential anti-viral treatments - 19/03/21

Doi : 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111352 
Peyman Kheirandish Zarandi a, b, 1, Mohammad Reza Zinatizadeh a, b, ⁎, 1 , Maryam Zinatizadeh c, Mohammad Hadi Yousefi d, e, Nima Rezaei f, g, h, ⁎
a Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 
b Cancer Biology Signaling Pathway Interest Group (CBSPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran 
c Department of Anesthesiology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran 
d Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 
e Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 
f Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 
g Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 
h Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran 

⁎Corresponding author at: Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityTehranIran⁎⁎Correspondence to: Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran.Children's Medical Center HospitalDr. Qarib St, Keshavarz BlvdTehran14194Iran
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Abstract

Introduction

The world is witnessing the spread of one of the members of Coronaviruses (CoVs) family, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the 21st century. Considering the short time spent after its prevalence, limited information is known about the effect of the virus mechanism on different organs of the body; meanwhile the lack of specific treatment and vaccine for this virus has exposed millions of people to a big challenge.

Areas covered

The review article aims to describe the general and particular characteristics of CoVs, their classification, genome structure, host cell infection, cytokine storm, anti-viral treatments, and inhibition of COVID-19-related ER-mitochondrial stress. In addition, it refers to drugs such as Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, darunavir, ribavirin, remdesivir, and favipiravir, which have undergone clinical trials for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. This analysis was derived from an extensive scientific literature search including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar performed.

Expert opinion

The effectiveness rate and complications of these drugs can reveal new insights into the potential therapeutic goals for the disease. Moreover, lifestyle change can effectively prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Graphical Abstract




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El texto completo de este artículo está disponible en PDF.

Highlights

•
The 21st century is currently facing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
•
During evolution, SARS-CoV-2 have evolved strategies to escape immune responses by targeting ER and mitochondria.
•
COVID-19-related ER-mitochondrial stress is a major player in the promoting of cytokine storms and ARDS.
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Non-viral compounds as a new therapeutic strategy for inhibiting ER-mitochondrial stress related to COVID-19.
•
Another treatment strategy for COVID-19 is the concomitant use of antiviral drugs with non-viral compounds.

El texto completo de este artículo está disponible en PDF.

Keywords : Anti-viral treatments, Cytokine storm, MERS, Pathogenesis, SARS-CoV-2, SARS


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© 2021  Publicado por Elsevier Masson SAS.
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Vol 137

Artículo 111352- mai 2021 Regresar al número
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