The 2016 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for primary prevention statin therapy are more restrictive than the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines. There are important differences in how application of the risk thresholds from these guidelines would impact particular segments of the U.S. population.

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-14) were used to determine statin eligibility across age, gender, and racial or ethnic group using criteria from the 2013 ACC/AHA and 2016 USPSTF guidelines. Proportions of the study population eligible for statins under the ACC/AHA 5% and 7.5% risk thresholds were compared with those eligible under the 2016 USPSTF 10% guidelines.

Of the 5388 study participants, 34% were eligible for statin therapy under the USPSTF guideline compared with 43% under the Class I (7.5%) ACC/AHA treatment threshold and 53% under the Class IIa (5%) ACC/AHA treatment threshold. Moving from the USPSTF 10% threshold to the ACC/AHA 5% threshold increased statin eligibility for males ages 40-59 from 26%-48% (whites), from 19%-43% (Hispanics), and from 33%-74% (blacks). A similar disproportionate but less pronounced effect was seen when different risk thresholds were used for statin eligibility among women ages 40-59 across differing races and ethnicities.

In this sample of U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, full implementation of the higher USPSTF statin treatment threshold could lead to less overall statin use and disproportionately lower statin use among non-Hispanic blacks.