Little is known about the management of HCV infected patients after screening in general medicine. On May 2000, 75 General Practitioners (GP) from South Eastern France were involved in an HCV screening campaign. Fifteen per cent of 6321 patients seen during this period presented at least one of the following risk factors: blood transfusion before 1991, drug abuse, imprisonment. Among the 238 HCV positive patients, 9 new cases were reported.

To describe the management of these patients.

One hundred and fifty-nine of these 238 cases were studied (100 males and 59 females). Mean age was 42 ± 12 years. Mean delay between contamination and the discovery of HCV positive status was 8 ± 6 years. Main routes of infection were: drug abuse (78%), transfusion before 1991 (15%), imprisonment (7%). The GP performed the entire follow up of cases in 34%. The following investigations were performed: ALT dosage in 98% (elevated: 59%, normal: 41%), qualitative HCV RNA detection in 77% (positive 78%, negative 22%), quantitative HCV RNA detection in 27%. A liver biopsy was performed in 62 patients (39%). Among the 159 patients 39 (19%) were treated with Interferon (with or without Ribavirin). Treatment and liver biopsy were not performed for the following reasons: patient refusal (26%), normal ALT values (26%), HIV co-infection (27%), elderly patients (3%), decompensated cirrhosis (5%), drug abuse or excessive alcohol intake (12%).

The main reasons that adequate management in hepatitis C patients failed was fear of liver biopsy and/or Interferon therapy, and a population difficult that was difficult to treat (HIV coinfected, drug abuse or chronic alcoholism), A better collaboration between general practitioners and specialists could help improve the management of these patients.