The 3 major types of innate and adaptive cell-mediated effector immunity - 05/03/15
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Abstract |
The immune system has tailored its effector functions to optimally respond to distinct species of microbes. Based on emerging knowledge on the different effector T-cell and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) lineages, it is clear that the innate and adaptive immune systems converge into 3 major kinds of cell-mediated effector immunity, which we propose to categorize as type 1, type 2, and type 3. Type 1 immunity consists of T-bet+ IFN-γ–producing group 1 ILCs (ILC1 and natural killer cells), CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (TC1), and CD4+ TH1 cells, which protect against intracellular microbes through activation of mononuclear phagocytes. Type 2 immunity consists of GATA-3+ ILC2s, TC2 cells, and TH2 cells producing IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which induce mast cell, basophil, and eosinophil activation, as well as IgE antibody production, thus protecting against helminthes and venoms. Type 3 immunity is mediated by retinoic acid–related orphan receptor γt+ ILC3s, TC17 cells, and TH17 cells producing IL-17, IL-22, or both, which activate mononuclear phagocytes but also recruit neutrophils and induce epithelial antimicrobial responses, thus protecting against extracellular bacteria and fungi. On the other hand, type 1 and 3 immunity mediate autoimmune diseases, whereas type 2 responses can cause allergic diseases.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Key words : Type 1 immunity, type 2 immunity, type 3 immunity, innate lymphoid cells, TH1, TC1, TH2, TC2, TH17/TH22, TC17/TC22
Abbreviations used : APC, CRTH2, DC, Eomes, IBD, IL-7R, ILC, LT, MP, MS, NK, NKp, PB, RA, ROR, STAT, TC, TSLP
Plan
The authors' laboratories are supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2010-2314610 to F.A.) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; SFB 633 and SFB 650 to C.R.). |
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Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: F.A. has received research support from the Italian Ministry of Health (RF-2010-2314610), Bristol-Myers Squibb S.r.l, and Pfizer. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest. |
Vol 135 - N° 3
P. 626-635 - mars 2015 Retour au numéroBienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
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