Functional Electrical Stimulation and Spinal Cord Injury - 25/07/14

Doi : 10.1016/j.pmr.2014.05.001

Chester H. Ho, MD ^a,^⁎ , Ronald J. Triolo, PhD ^b,^c,^d,^e, Anastasia L. Elias, PhD ^f, Kevin L. Kilgore, PhD ^d,^e,^g,^h, Anthony F. DiMarco, MD ^e,^h, Kath Bogie, DPhil ^b,^c,^d,^g, Albert H. Vette, PhD ^i,^j, Musa L. Audu, PhD ^b,^d, Rudi Kobetic, MS ^b, Sarah R. Chang, BS ^b,^d, K. Ming Chan, MD ^k, Sean Dukelow, MD, PhD ^a, Dennis J. Bourbeau, PhD ^g,^h, Steven W. Brose, DO ^g,^h,^l, Kenneth J. Gustafson, PhD ^d,^g,^h, Zelma H.T. Kiss, MD, PhD ^m, Vivian K. Mushahwar, PhD ^k
^a Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Medical Centre, Room 1195, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada
^b Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Advanced Platform Technology Center, 151 AW/APT, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
^c Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
^d Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
^e MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
^f Chemical and Materials Engineering, W7-002 ECERF, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
^g Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
^h Cleveland FES Center, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Suite 230, Cleveland, OH 44106-3056, USA
ⁱ Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 4-9 Mechanical Engineering Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G8, Canada
^j Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Alberta Health Services, 10230 - 111 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5G 0B7, Canada
^k Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 5005 Katz Group Centre, 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
^l Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Grosvenor Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA
^m Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Medical Centre, Room 1195, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada

^∗Corresponding author.

Résumé

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) can disrupt communications between the brain and the body, resulting in loss of control over otherwise intact neuromuscular systems. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the central and peripheral nervous system can use these intact neuromuscular systems to provide therapeutic exercise options to allow functional restoration and to manage medical complications following SCI. The use of FES for the restoration of muscular and organ functions may significantly decrease the morbidity and mortality following SCI. Many FES devices are commercially available and should be considered as part of the lifelong rehabilitation care plan for all eligible persons with SCI.

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Keywords : Electric stimulation, Electrodes, Spinal cord injuries, Rehabilitation, Muscle spasticity, Pressure ulcer, Neurogenic urinary bladder, Paralysis