Drug-Induced Hyperthermic Syndromes : Part I. Hyperthermia in Overdose - 27/10/13

Doi : 10.1016/j.emc.2013.07.004

Bryan D. Hayes, PharmD ^a,^b,^⁎ , Joseph P. Martinez, MD ^a, Fermin Barrueto, MD ^a,^c
^a Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, Sixth Floor, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
^b Department of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
^c Department of Emergency Medicine, Upper Chesapeake Health Systems, 500 Upper Chesapeake Drive, Bel Air, MD 21015, USA

^∗Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201.

Résumé

Drugs and natural compounds that affect the thermoregulatory system can induce or contribute to hyperthermia when used in excess. Hyperthermia associated with drug overdose is dangerous and potentially lethal. This article reviews the body’s process of maintaining thermodynamic equilibrium, and describes the mechanisms by which it is influenced by sympathomimetic and anticholinergic drugs, salicylates, and thyroid replacement medications. Appropriate treatment strategies such as cooling and the administration of counteractive medications are discussed.

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Keywords : Hyperthermia, Thermoregulatory system, Hypermetabolism, Sympathomimetics, Cocaine, Methlenedioxymethamphetamine, Anticholinergics, Salicylates