This work is part of a Master’s Degree Program held in Brazil. The research makes a genealogical study on musical practices made in the Mental and Collective Health public services in Brazil, in a specific historical period known as the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. This occurred at a time of democratization post-military dictatorship, inspired by the ideas and experiences of European countries such as Italy, England, France and other American countries, like the United States. The objective of this work is to understand the practices on the use of music, especially in the “Music Workshop”/Atelier as a device that, in the field of psychosocial care, has several interventional functions and acts in a particular way over the subjectivities, especially in individuals in psychological suffering that benefit from mental health services. We use the historical-critical research method, inspired by Nietzsche and Foucault’s genealogy, to investigate knowledge and forces that are involved in producing a sense of music associated with mental health. Results of these studies led us to the clinical understanding of music as a therapeutic tool, in art and education practices and as a form of social reintegration. From this, we conclude that: