We studied the impact of inflammatory rheumatism and its treatment on the most common bone turnover markers, based on six previously defined questions in a systematic literature review in order to define their place in daily clinical practice. The role of bone is currently considered of particular importance concerning cartilage damage in inflammatory rheumatism (rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis) and the new concept of osteoimmunology has emerged. Some bone turnover markers are available in clinical practice. In spite of rich and extensive literature on bone turnover markers, their use in inflammatory rheumatism or even osteoporosis is not clear, and a systematic literature review became necessary. In spite of a large number of different markers used in literature, few of them that are useful in common practice have been studied in the field of inflammatory rheumatism such as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Although their study enables understanding of the physiopathological mechanisms of osteoporosis in inflammatory rheumatism, their use in current common practice cannot be recommended. Interesting data on the forecast of the structural evolution of rheumatoid arthritis has been found within the framework of clinical research, without any real practical impact today.