Decoding asthma: Translating genetic variation in IL33 and IL1RL1 into disease pathophysiology - 27/02/13
Abstract |
Asthma is a complex disease that results from the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Recently, genome-wide association studies have identified a number of genes that significantly contribute to asthma. Two of these genes, IL33 and IL-1 receptor–like 1 (IL1RL1), act in one signal transduction pathway. IL33 encodes a cytokine released on damage of cells, whereas IL1RL1 encodes part of the IL-33 receptor complex. Recent progress made in functional studies in human subjects and mouse models of allergic airway disease indicate a central role of IL-33 signaling in driving TH2 inflammation, which is central to eosinophilic allergic asthma. Here, IL-33 acts on cells of both the adaptive and innate immune systems. Very recently, a novel population of IL-33–responsive innate immune cells, the type 2 innate lymphoid cells, was found to produce hallmark TH2 cytokines, such as IL-5 and IL-13. The relevance of these cells for asthma is underscored by the identification of retinoic acid–related orphan receptor ⍺ (RORA), the gene encoding the transcription factor critical for their differentiation, as another asthma gene in genome-wide association studies. This review describes the mechanisms through which genetic variation at the IL33 and IL1RL1 loci translates into increased susceptibility for asthma. We propose that genetic variation associated with asthma at the IL33 and IL1RL1 loci can be dissected into independent signals with distinct functional consequences for this pathway that is central to asthma pathogenesis.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Key words : IL-33, IL-1RL1, ST2, genome-wide association study, nuocytes, innate helper cells, innate type 2 lymphoid cells, expression quantitative trait locus
Abbreviations used : ASW, CEU, CHB, GWA, ILC2, IL1RL1, IL18R1, LD, MEX, MyD88, NF-κB, RORA, SNP, TIR, TLR, YRI
Plan
Supported by a Netherlands Asthma Foundation grant (no. 3.2.09.081JU). |
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Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: G. H. Koppelman has been supported by one or more grants from or has one or more grants pending with the Netherlands Asthma Foundation, the European Union, and Stichting Astma Bestrijding and has received one or more payments for lecturing from or is on the speakers’ bureau for GlaxoSmithKline. M. C. Nawijn has received one or more grants from or has one or more grants pending with the Netherlands Asthma Foundation, the European Union, and Stichting Astma Bestrijding, and has received support for travel from the European Respiratory Society. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest. |
Vol 131 - N° 3
P. 856 - mars 2013 Retour au numéroBienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
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