Over the last half century, a dramatic increase in the incidence of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, allergy, and irritable bowel syndrome, has rightfully led to concern about how the modern lifestyle might inappropriately trigger innate physiologic defense mechanisms. Health care research in the Western world is faced with a significant challenge if it is to meet the needs of its populations in the decades ahead. The tools with which we hope to advance our understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of chronic inflammatory diseases must therefore be adequately exploited and further developed to identify treatment and prevention strategies. There is an urgent need to prioritize resources and identify the most efficient scientific and societal initiatives to be adopted within this area. In this context national collaboration within Europe and beyond to establish state-of-the-art practices with an interdisciplinary perspective and promote an efficient exchange of best practices is essential. Such an approach likely represents the most efficient manner in which strategies for amelioration of the increase of chronic inflammatory diseases in the Western world can be achieved. The present report is based on a Forward Look initiative conducted by the European Medical Research Councils under the European Science Foundation. Experts from industry and academia, as well as relevant interest organizations, have been consulted in the process of conducting this initiative and have, based on this work, developed a set of final recommendations that target academic research, science funders, and policy makers.