Iodinated radiographic contrast media is used widely for imaging of the genitourinary system. It is required for urography and for direct intraluminal studies of the genitourinary tract, such as urethrography, cystography, retrograde pyelography, and loopograms. Its use is essential when CT scan examinations are performed to detect or to characterize renal masses, and it is helpful for CT scan staging of renal adenocarcinoma.

Fortunately, radiographic contrast material is safe. Reactions from intravascular injections are usually mild and self-limited. Reactions occurring from extravascular use are rare; nonetheless, severe or life-threatening reactions can occur after any study that involves the use of contrast media.<sup>24 Curry N.S., Schabel S.I., Reiheld C.T. , et al. Fatal reactions to intravenous nonionic contrast material Radiology 1991 ;  178 : 361-362

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 92 Shehadi W.H. Adverse reactions to intravascularly administered contrast media: A comprehensive study based on a prospective survey AJR Am J Roentgenol 1975 ;  124 : 145-152

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références</sup> It is incumbent on physicians who work with these agents and who refer patients for studies that involve their use to be aware of risk factors that can increase the likelihood of a reaction, to be cognizant of ways in which to minimize the chances of an adverse event in high-risk patients, and to be knowledgeable about basic principles for recognizing and treating contrast reactions. This article describes different types of radiographic contrast material, specific advantages and disadvantages of their use for urography and CT scans, complications of contrast material use, and management of adverse reactions.