Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has become the most widely used marker for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.<sup>25 Oesterling J.E., Rice D.C., Glenski W.J. , et al. Effects of cystoscopy, prostate biopsy, and transurethral resection of prostate on serum prostate-specific antigen concentration Urology 1993 ;  42 : 3

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 30 Ruckle H.C., Klee G.C., Oesterling J.E. Prostate specific antigen: Critical issues for the practicing physician Mayo Clin Proc 1994 ;  69 : 59-68

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références</sup> First isolated by Hara and associates<sup>15 Hara M., Inorre T., Fukuyama T. Some physicochemical characteristics of gamma-seminoprotein, An Antigenic Component Specific For Human Seminal plasma Japanese Journal of Legal Medicine 1971 ;  5 : 322

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références</sup> in seminal fluid and later identified in prostatic tissue by Wang and associates in 1979,<sup>40 Wang M.C., Valenzuela I.A., Murphy G.P. , et al. Purification of a human prostate specific antigen Invest Urol 1979 ;  17 : 159

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références</sup> PSA is a serine protease produced by benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells, and it serves to cause liquefaction of the seminal fluid.<sup>30 Ruckle H.C., Klee G.C., Oesterling J.E. Prostate specific antigen: Critical issues for the practicing physician Mayo Clin Proc 1994 ;  69 : 59-68

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références</sup> Since 1987, PSA has been used in all aspects of prostate cancer management, including screening, diagnosis, staging, response to treatment, and identifying treatment failure.<sup>26 Partin A.W., Oesterling J.E. The clinical usefulness of prostate specific antigen: Update 1994 J Urol 1994 ;  152 : 1258-1368

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références</sup>

Because PSA plays such a crucial role in the work-up and management of prostate cancer, any urologic intervention that may cause elevation of PSA has to be identified. It is well documented that certain procedures such as prostate biopsy, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and other urologic procedures can cause elevation of the serum PSA. Since 1987, there have been several major studies that have looked at factors that might elevate PSA. This article provides a concise and current review on the most recent literature.