IMMUNOLOGY OF HIV INFECTION IN THE FETUS AND NEWBORN - 09/09/11

Doi : 10.1016/S0889-8561(05)70011-4

André J. Nahmias, MD, MPH ^{^{*
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia}}, Francis K. Lee, PhD ^{^{*
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia}}, Athena Kourtis, MD, PhD ^{^{*
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia}}, Chris Ibegbu, PhD ^{^{*
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia}}

Résumé

In a recently published edition of Immunology of HIV Infection,^{47In 196 bc, the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy Epiphares, in order to ensure that his orders would be obeyed. had them carved in three different languages.

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références} focused primarily on adults, the view was expressed that “HIV should serve as an immunologic Rosetta stone.”^{95In 196 bc, the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy Epiphares, in order to ensure that his orders would be obeyed. had them carved in three different languages.

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références} For those of us interested in the ontogeny of immunity and how infectious agents may affect the developing immune systems, the three languages of our immunologic Rosetta stones^{*In 196 bc, the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy Epiphares, in order to ensure that his orders would be obeyed. had them carved in three different languages.} actually began to be deciphered around the time that HIV-1 was acquired by humans in the early 1950s.^{94In 196 bc, the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy Epiphares, in order to ensure that his orders would be obeyed. had them carved in three different languages.

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références, 139In 196 bc, the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy Epiphares, in order to ensure that his orders would be obeyed. had them carved in three different languages.

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références} Thus, immunological competence of the fetus and newborn was first unraveled when it was pointed out that newborns are not “immunologically null” because plasma cells, the producers of antibodies, could be found in stillbirths with congenital syphilis. The discovery of the X-linked agammaglobulinemia opened the door to the study of other genetic immunodeficiencies,^{112In 196 bc, the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy Epiphares, in order to ensure that his orders would be obeyed. had them carved in three different languages.

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références} which led to the differentiation of the humoral and cellular immune systems and furthered our knowledge of the ontogeny and phylogeny of immunity. Some of these primary immunodeficiencies have provided models for several of the immune disturbances induced by HIV. A third Rosetta stone was decoded by studies of in utero and intrapartum infections, such as by toxoplasma and rubella, cytomegalo- and herpes simplex viruses, and their impact on the developing immune systems of the fetus and newborn, serving also as models for HIV.^{89In 196 bc, the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy Epiphares, in order to ensure that his orders would be obeyed. had them carved in three different languages.

Cliquez ici pour aller à la section Références}

In this article, we discuss information obtained from these different immunologic fields as they relate to HIV infection in the fetus and newborn. Focus is placed on newer understanding of thymic–viral interactions and related aspects.

Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.

Plan

PATHOGENESIS AND IMMUNOLOGY OF HIV IN THE FETUS AND NEWBORN, AS COMPARED WITH THE OLDER CHILD AND ADULT

Role of the Thymus

ENVOI^{“The particulars must in each case look to what meets the occasion, as in the case in medicine.” Aristotle} ^{“The particulars must in each case look to what meets the occasion, as in the case in medicine.” Aristotle}

Address reprint requests to André J. Nahmias, MD, MPH, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, and Immunology, Emory University, 69 Butler Street, SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, e-mail: Andre_Nahmias@oz.ped.emory.edu
The studies referred to in this article are supported by NIAID Grants 5-24075 and AI39081, CDC Grant 5-29221, and the Children's Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University.