Asthma is a syndrome where an imbalance exists between the forces that maintain airway patency and the forces that act to narrow, or close, airways. The child with asthma is a particular problem because of the rapid growth of the lung during growth that leaves it vulnerable. There is some evidence that asthma leads to impaired lung function in children because those children with untreated asthma show a loss of lung growth velocity. For unclear reasons, asthma is more frequent in boys. What drugs to use to treat childhood asthma is uncertain. Data show that glucocorticoids prevent the structure of the lung from fully developing. In children, the rationale for early intervention seems clear, but the exact means and criteria for initiation of the intervention are uncertain. Finally, childhood asthma raises fundamental issues and questions that are unique to the child with asthma and presents unique and many unresolved treatment dilemmas. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:S540-6.)