Identification of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in amniotic fluid and amniochorion in spontaneous labor and after experimental intrauterine infection or interleukin-1? infusion in pregnant rhesus monkeys - 02/09/11
Abstract |
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of intrauterine infection, inflammation, and spontaneous labor on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in fetal membranes and amniotic fluid of late pregnant rhesus monkeys. Study Design: Pregnant rhesus monkeys with timed gestations were chronically catheterized to allow serial sampling of amniotic fluid before and during experimentally induced intrauterine inflammation. Six animals received group B streptococci into the chorionic-decidual space, and 4 animals received intra-amniotic interleukin-1β infusions (10 μg). Three additional animals were serially sampled by amniocentesis through late pregnancy until spontaneous term labor. Amniotic fluid samples were examined by zymography for matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2 and Western immunoblot for matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and -2. Fetal membranes were obtained at cesarean delivery during labor (before rupture), formalin fixed, and embedded in paraffin for immunocytochemistry of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and in situ hybridization of matrix metalloproteinase-9 messenger RNA. Tissues from 2 additional animals were collected as age-matched nonlabor controls. Results: In amniotic fluid, the 92-kd latent matrix metalloproteinase-9 was detectable in late pregnancy and increased dramatically, followed by the appearance of the 83-kd active form before spontaneous term delivery. Amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels (both latent and active forms) remained relatively constant throughout pregnancy and in labor. Both bacteria and interleukin-1β rapidly increased the signal of latent matrix metalloproteinase-9 without a consistent increase in the active form before the onset of labor. Chorionic-decidual inoculation of group B streptococci was followed by the expression of latent matrix metalloproteinase-9 before the appearance of group B streptococci in amniotic fluid or the onset of labor. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 increased to a new steady-state level or remained unchanged after group B streptococci inoculation or interleukin-1β infusion, respectively. Amniotic fluid tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 declined and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 remained unchanged during early group B streptococci infection, after interleukin-1β infusion and on the day of spontaneous term labor. However, both tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 levels increased after preterm labor that was induced by group B streptococci. Immunocytochemistry localized matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein to amnion and chorion epithelial and mesenchymal cells and decidual stromal cells. Granular matrix metalloproteinase-9 staining was observed in the connective tissue layer of inflamed fetal membranes. In situ hybridization for messenger RNA confirmed the production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by amnion and chorion. Conclusion: Bacterial- and interleukin-1β–induced preterm labor and spontaneous term labor are preceded and accompanied by progressive increases in amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-9 (92 kd) in rhesus monkeys. Amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-9 may serve as a clinical marker for the onset of both preterm and term labor. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:128–38.)
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Matrix metalloproteinases, gelatinase B, MMP-9, intrauterine infection, preterm labor, rhesus monkey
Plan
☆ | Supported by grants HD06159 and HD 18185 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, grant A142490 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and grant RR00163 from the National Institutes of Health. F.V-O. was supported by a Fogarty Fellowship (TW00668) and by the McArthur Foundation. |
☆☆ | Reprint requests: Miles J. Novy, MD, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006. E-mail: gibbinsc@ohsu.edu. |
Vol 186 - N° 1
P. 128-138 - janvier 2002 Retour au numéroBienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
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