Usefulness of clinical variables, echocardiography, and levels of brain natriuretic peptide and norepinephrine to distinguish systolic and diastolic causes of acute heart failure - 28/08/11

Craig S Vinch, MD ^a, Gerard P Aurigemma, MD ^{a, ⁎} , Jeffrey C Hill, RDCS ^a, William H Gaasch, MD ^c, Gregory Volturo, MD ^b, Dennis A Tighe, MD ^a, Theo E Meyer, MD, PhD ^a

^a Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA 

^b The Department of Emergency Medicine, the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA 

^c the Division of Cardiology, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA 

^*This study was supported in part by research grants from the American Society of Echocardiography, Raleigh, North Carolina. Dr. Aurigemma’s address is: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.