At the time of the last world congress on tuberculosis (TB) in 1992, the United States (US) was experiencing an unprecedented resurgence of TB. Since the mid-1950s, TB incidence had been steadily decreasing, until 1984 when this longstanding trend was reversed. The annual national total of TB cases continued to increase and peaked in 1992 with 26,673 TB cases reported (10.5 TB cases per 100,000 population). A prompt and formidable response from local, state, and federal governments helped curb the resurgence. From 1992 to 2001, total TB incidence decreased by 40% to an all-time low of 15,989 TB cases reported in 2001. The decrease in TB cases from 2000 to 2001, however, was the smallest (2.4%) since the resurgence a decade ago. This report will briefly review the trends and factors associated with the TB resurgence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and provide a detailed description of specific TB trends in the US between 1992 and 2001.