Smoking Cessation Reduces Postoperative Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis - 19/08/11
, Oghenowede Eyawo, MPH b, Ian Lockhart, DLitt et Phil c, Steven Kelly, MSc c, Ping Wu, MBBS, MSc a, Jon O. Ebbert, MD, MSc d
Requests for reprints should be addressed to Edward Mills, PhD, MSc, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5Abstract |
Objective |
We aimed to review randomized trials and observational evidence to establish the effect of preoperative smoking cessation on postoperative complications and to determine if there is an optimal cessation period before surgery.
Methods |
We conducted a systematic review of all randomized trials evaluating the effect of smoking cessation on postoperative complications and all observational studies evaluating the risk of complications among past smokers compared with current smokers. We searched independently, in duplicate, 10 electronic databases and the bibliographies of relevant reviews. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized trials using a random effects model and performed a meta-regression to examine the impact of time, in weeks, on the magnitude of effect. For observational studies, we pooled proportions of past smokers in comparison with current smokers.
Results |
We included 6 randomized trials and 15 observational studies. We pooled the 6 randomized trials and demonstrated a relative risk reduction of 41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15-59, P = .01) for prevention of postoperative complications. We found that each week of cessation increases the magnitude of effect by 19%. Trials of at least 4 weeks' smoking cessation had a significantly larger treatment effect than shorter trials (P = .04). Observational studies demonstrated important effects of smoking cessation on decreasing total complications (relative risk [RR] 0.76, 95% CI, 0.69-0.84, P < .0001, I2 = 15%). This also was observed for reduced wound healing complications (RR 0.73, 95% CI, 0.61-0.87, P = .0006, I2 = 0%) and pulmonary complications (RR 0.81, 95% CI, 0.70-0.93, P = .003, I2 = 7%). Observational studies examining duration of cessation demonstrated that longer periods of cessation, compared with shorter periods, had an average reduction in total complications of 20% (RR 0.80, 95% CI, 3-33, P = .02, I2 = 68%).
Conclusion |
Longer periods of smoking cessation decrease the incidence of postoperative complications.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Meta-analysis, Perioperative, Smoking cessation, Systematic review
Plan
| Funding: Development of this manuscript was sponsored by Pfizer Ltd, Walton Oaks, Walton-On-The-Hill, Surrey, KT20 7NS, United Kingdom. Edward Mills, Oghenowede Eyawo, and Ping Wu were paid consultants to Pfizer in connection with the development of this manuscript. Jon Ebbert received no compensation. Edward Mills is supported by a Canada Research Chair. |
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| Conflicts of Interest: Edward Mills has consulted to Pfizer Ltd and Merck Shire Dohme in the past. Ping Wu has consulted to Pfizer Ltd in the past. Ian Lockhart and Steven Kelly are employees of Pfizer Ltd. Oghenowede has consulted to Pfizer Ltd in the past. Jon Ebbert has no conflicts of interest. |
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| Authorship: All authors had access to the data and played a role in writing this manuscript. |
Vol 124 - N° 2
P. 144 - février 2011 Retour au numéro
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