Joel Martin Geiderman, MD a, b, ⁎
, John C. Moskop, PhD c, Arthur R. Derse, MD, JD d, e
a Ruth and Harry Roman Emergency Department, Department of Emergency Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
b Cedars-Sinai Center for Health Care Ethics, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
c Department of Medical Humanities, The Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Bioethics Center, University Health Systems of Eastern Carolina, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
d Center for the Study of Bioethics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509, USA
e Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509, USA