The radiologic assessment of normal and abnormal thoracic anatomy relies on an entire array of modalities, starting with standard chest roentgenograms, silver-based or digital. Because of their physical principles and applicable fields, however, CT, MRI, MR angiography, positron emission tomography, or positron emission tomography-CT bring invaluable and complementary anatomic and functional information. This article explores these different radiologic modalities as they apply to the anatomy of the thoracic inlet, glottis and subglottis regions, main airways, lungs including segments and fissures, hilar structures, and bronchial arteries and lymphatics.