Mild Hyponatremia Carries a Poor Prognosis in Community Subjects - 12/08/11
Abstract |
Objective |
Hyponatremia has been shown to predict adverse outcome in congestive heart failure and pneumonia among other common clinical entities, but its significance in the general population is elusive.
Methods |
The population-based Copenhagen Holter Study included 671 men and women aged 55 to 75 years with no history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, or cancer. Baseline evaluation included 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring, blood tests, and a questionnaire. Hyponatremia was defined as s-Na ≤ 134 mEq/L or s-Na ≤ 137 mEq/L according to previously accepted definitions. An adverse outcome was defined as deaths or myocardial infarction. Median follow-up was 6.3 years.
Results |
Fourteen subjects (2.1%, group A) had s-Na ≤ 134 mEq/L, and 62 subjects (9.2%, group B) had s-Na ≤ 137 mEq/L. No subject had s-Na < 129 mEq/L. An adverse outcome occurred in 43% of group A, 27% of group B, and 14% of subjects with s-Na >137mEq/L (controls) (P <.002). Adjusted hazard ratio for adverse outcome was 3.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-8.28, P <.005) in group A compared with controls and 2.21 (95% CI, 1.29-3.80, P <.005) in group B after controlling for age, gender, smoking, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. The hazard ratios were robust for additional adjusting for variables showing univariate association to hyponatremia (ie, beta-blocker and diuretic use, heart rate variability, creatinine, C-reactive protein, and NT-pro brain natriuretic peptide). By excluding diuretic users (18% of subjects), the adjusted hazard ratio for adverse outcome was 8.00 (95% CI, 3.04-21.0, P <.0001) in group A and 3.17 (95% CI, 1.76-5.72, P = .0001) in group B compared with controls.
Conclusion |
Hyponatremia is an independent predictor of deaths and myocardial infarction in middle-aged and elderly community subjects.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Diuretic, Heart rate variability, Inflammation, Mortality, Myocardial infarction, Sodium
Plan
Funding: This study was supported by grants from The Danish Heart Foundation. |
|
Conflict of Interest: None. |
|
Authorship: All authors had access to the data and played a role in writing this manuscript. |
Vol 122 - N° 7
P. 679-686 - juillet 2009 Retour au numéroBienvenue sur EM-consulte, la référence des professionnels de santé.
L’accès au texte intégral de cet article nécessite un abonnement.
Déjà abonné à cette revue ?