Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa: An institutional analysis of 21 cases - 10/08/11
, Matthew J. Zirwas, MD b, Anthony Vander Horst, BA, BS, MA c
Reprint requests: Steven M. Dean, DO, FACP, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, 200 Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, 473 W 12 Ave, Columbus, OH 43210.Abstract |
Background |
Previous reports regarding elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (ENV) have been typically limited to 3 or fewer patients.
Objectives |
We sought to statistically ascertain what demographic features and clinical variables are associated with ENV.
Methods |
A retrospective chart review of 21 patients with ENV from 2006 to 2008 was performed and statistically analyzed.
Results |
All 21 patients were obese (morbid obesity in 91%) with a mean body mass index of 55.8. The average maximal calf circumference was 63.7 cm. Concurrent chronic venous insufficiency was identified in 15 patients (71%). ENV was predominantly bilateral (86%) and typically involved the calves (81%). Proximal cutaneous involvement (thighs 19%/abdomen 9.5%) was less common. Eighteen (86%) related a history of lower extremity cellulitis/lymphangitis and/or manifested soft-tissue infection upon presentation. Multisegmental ENV was statistically more likely in setting of a higher body mass index (P = .02), larger calf circumference (P = .01), multiple lymphedema risk factors (P = .05), ulcerations (P < .001), and nodules (P < .001). Calf circumference was significantly and proportionally linked to developing lower extremity ulcerations (P = .02). Ulcerations and nodules were significantly prone to occur concomitantly (P = .05). Nodules appeared more likely to exist in the presence of a higher body mass index (P = .06) and multiple lymphedema risk factors (P = .06).
Limitations |
The statistical conclusions were potentially inhibited by the relatively small cohort. The study was retrospective.
Conclusions |
Our data confirm the association among obesity, soft-tissue infection, and ENV. Chronic venous insufficiency may be an underappreciated risk factor in the genesis of ENV.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Key words : edema, elephantiasis, elephantiasis nostras verrucosa, lymphedema
Abbreviations used : BMI, CVI, ENV
Plan
| Funding sources: None. |
|
| Conflicts of interest: None declared. |
Vol 64 - N° 6
P. 1104-1110 - juin 2011 Retour au numéro
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