To determine whether different brands of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administered to children with Kawasaki disease (KD) result in different outcomes.

We analyzed children with KD and divided them into 4 groups according to the brand of IVIG. A coronary artery abnormality (CAA) was defined as having a lumen diameter (inner border to inner border) of ≥3 mm in KD cases <5 years old and ≥4 mm in cases ≥5 years old, and giant aneurysm was defined as a lumen diameter ≥8 mm. Patients were considered nonresponsive to IVIG therapy if fever persisted longer than 2 days after completion of treatment and needed retreatment with IVIG.

We collected 437 cases, 29 (6.6%) were nonresponsive, 17 (3.9%) had CAA at convalescence, and 3 (0.7%) had giant aneurysm, 2 of whom had development of myocardial infarcts. Patients receiving Brand C IVIG, prepared with β-propiolactone, had higher rates (10%, 9/93, P = .01) of CAA at convalescence and nonresponsiveness (13%, 12/93, P = .001); giant aneurysm occurred in 3/93 (3%) receiving Brand C IVIG and in 0/344 who received the other 3 brands (P = .008).

IVIG, prepared with β-propiolactone, was most significantly associated with nonresponsiveness, CAA at convalescence, and giant aneurysm. Physicians should be cautious when using IVIG prepared with β-propiolactone or enzyme digestion to treat KD.