Death rates related to cancer have steadily decreased over the past few decades, and as a result, the number of survivors has exponentially increased. Increasingly, more and more secondary complications caused by cancer and its treatments are being recognized. Neuromuscular complications related to the underlying cancer itself, or caused by associated treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are common but are likely underreported. While neurologic involvement can occur in both the central and peripheral nervous systems at any level, this article focuses on the effects of cancer on the peripheral nervous system.