Anatomy and Physiology of Feeding and Swallowing: Normal and Abnormal - 07/08/11

Doi : 10.1016/j.pmr.2008.06.001

Koichiro Matsuo, DDS, PhD ^a,^b, Jeffrey B. Palmer, MD ^a,^c,^d,^e,^⁎
^a Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Phipps 160 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
^b Department of Special Care Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hirooka Gohara, Nagano, Japan, 399-0781
^c Johns Hopkins Hospital, Phipps 160, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
^d Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
^e Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

Corresponding author. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Phipps 160, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287.

Abstract

Eating and swallowing are complex behaviors involving volitional and reflexive activities of more than 30 nerves and muscles. They have two crucial biologic features: food passage from the oral cavity to stomach and airway protection. The swallowing process is commonly divided into oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal stages, according to the location of the bolus. The movement of the food in the oral cavity and to the oropharynx differs depending on the type of food (eating solid food versus drinking liquid). Dysphagia can result from a wide variety of functional or structural deficits of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, or esophagus. The goal of dysphagia rehabilitation is to identify and treat abnormalities of feeding and swallowing while maintaining safe and efficient alimentation and hydration.

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