Les patients atteints de maladie d’Alzheimer présentent précocément dans l’évolution de leur pathologie des troubles visuo-spatiaux et visuo-constructifs. Les connaissances actuelles sur le fonctionnement de la perception visuelle relient les capacités visuo-spatiales à la voie magnocellulaire.

L’étude psychophysique et électrophysiologique de la vision de ces patients apporte des éléments en faveur d’une atteinte précoce mais non exclusive de la voie magnocellulaire qui pourrait ainsi rendre compte de certains de leurs déficits.

Visual disurbances are a common feature of Alhzeimer’s disease. They are related primarily to visuo-spatial deficits. The pathways mediating visuo-spatial and form identification are at least partially segregated in the brain. The magnocellular pathway has characteristics which make it more suitable for detecting dynamic form, motion and depth. We assessed by means of psychophysical and electrophysiological testings the properties of the parvo and the magnocellular pathways. We found contrast sensitivity deficits for the low and middle spatial frequencies, a significant reduction of the amplitude of the steady-state pattern VEP’s at 16, 20 and 24 Hz, abnormal transient pattern VEP’s only for the major positivity (P100) and abnormal flash VEP’s (delayed P2) as previously observed. The temporal frequency deficits and other abnormalities pointed out in this study, could be related to a dysfunction of the M-pathways in Alzheimer’s disease.