Xanthates, thiocarbamates and trithiocarbonates are highly useful compounds in surface and colloid science and in the context of nanotechnology of particles, self-assembly and surfaces. Similar to thiols they have a strong affinity to metal and metal ion-containing surfaces and particles. However they are relatively reactive which opens new capabilities and potential uses. For instance, disposable colloids can be formed, or more importantly, xanthates are highly efficient precursors in the production of size-controlled, monodisperse, tunable semiconductor nanoparticles. We review here recent work that demonstrates and discusses some of these features and new potential application. To cite this article: S. Efrima and N. Pradhan, C. R. Chimie 6 (2003).