AFFORDABLE MULTICOLOR 3D PRINTING SOLUTION FOR BIOMEDICAL EDUCATION IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES - 04/04/25

Doi : 10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100201 
Dat Minh Lu a, b, , Phong Van Dong c , Hien Bui Thu Hoang d , Dang Ngoc Tran e, b , Khiem Tran Dang f, g , Tran Thanh Duy Linh a, h , An Le Pham a, b, i,
a Family Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, 217 Hong Bang St, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh city, 700000, Vietnam 
b Grants and Innovation Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, 217 Hong Bang St, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh city, 700000, Vietnam 
c Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet St, Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh city, 700000, Vietnam 
d Department of Radiology, Cho Ray Hospital, 201B Nguyen Chi Thanh St, Ward 12, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam 
e Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, 217 Hong Bang St, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh city, 700000, Vietnam 
f Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, 217 Hong Bang St, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh city, 700000 Vietnam 
g Dept of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nguyen Tri Phuong Hospital, 700000, Vietnam 
h College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan 
i Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Sir Fred Schonell Drive, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia 

Corresponding author. Assoc. Prof. An Le Pham, Family Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Grants and Innovation Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh city, 217 Hong Bang St, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh city, 700000, Vietnam; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Sir Fred Schonell Drive, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia, Tel: (+84)908153743;Family Medicine Center, Faculty of MedicineGrants and Innovation CenterUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh city, 217 Hong Bang St, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh city, 700000, VietnamChild Health Research CentreThe University of QueenslandSir Fred Schonell DriveBrisbaneQueensland4072Australia⁎⁎Corresponding author. Dat Minh Lu, Family Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Grants and Innovation Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh city, 217 Hong Bang St, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh city, 700000, Vietnam, Tel: (+84)772028868;Family Medicine Center, Faculty of Medicine, Grants and Innovation CenterUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh city217 Hong Bang St, Ward 11, District 5Ho Chi Minh city700000Vietnam

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Highlights

Intricate biomedical model requires multicolor printing with water-soluble support
Current FDM printers lack an efficient, cost-effective system for biomedical models
DAP-Hybrid-IDEX uniquely integrates multicolor printing with dissolvable support
Outperforms comparable FDM printers in printing biomedical models
Cost-effective, open-source solution for biomedical education in LMICs

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Abstract

3D printing for biomedical education in universities remains largely inaccessible in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to the high cost of commercial material jetting and powder bed fusion 3D printers. To address this barrier, we have developed an affordable multicolor fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer capable of producing biomedical models with intricate geometries. The key innovation of our printer is the novel integration of two distinct hybrid printhead configurations to enable simultaneous multicolor printing and water-soluble support material deposition. Positioned along the same X-axis, the first printhead employs a filament cutting, retracting, and purging mechanism to print in seven colors, while the second printhead is dedicated to printing water-soluble support material. The printer utilizes a hybrid CoreXY kinematic system and offers a 30 × 30 × 30 cm print volume. Its operations are controlled by two MKS Monster8 V2.0 boards and an MKS Pi V1.1 running Klipper firmware, with Orca Slicer software converting 3D model data into printer-readable instructions. Our printer successfully operated for up to 45 hours, producing four detailed heart models (18 × 15 × 10 cm) and a multicolor DNA polymerase model from online databases and CT scan images. Support structures were removed by immersing the prints in warm water for 24 hours, ensuring precise structural integrity for complex models. By combining multicolor printing with water-soluble support material, our cost-effective, frugal innovation allows the fabrication of intricate, vibrant biomedical models, making 3D printing more feasible for biomedical education and research in LMICs.

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Keywords : Three-Dimensional, fused deposition filament, water-soluble, multicolor, education, anatomy


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