Dari version of International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ): In a sample of Afghan students - 15/03/25

Doi : 10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100528

Mohammad Sajjad Afsharzada ^a,^⁎ , Sajjad Saadat ^b, Basir Ahmad Azizi ^c, Somaya Haqyar ^d
^a Department of Psychology and Social Work, Faculty of Human Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sweden
^b Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, , Iran
^c Department of Counseling, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan
^d Mental Health Psycho-Social Supporter, Afghan Women Skills Development Center, Herat, Afghanistan

^⁎Corresponding author.

Abstract

Background

The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is a validated tool based on the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) criteria for assessing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD). While it is well-established, further validation is needed across diverse samples and broader psychopathological measures.

Objective

The present study aimed to retranslate and validate the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) in a sample of Afghan students. The present study was descriptive and validation-based.

Method

The statistical population of this study was 227 undergraduate students at Herat University, Afghanistan, who were studying in the 2024–2025 academic year. In this study, students were selected using convenience sampling and completed an online survey (Qualtrics). To calculate test-retest reliability, 50 people were also selected and completed the ITQ within two weeks. In this study, the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) was administered.

Results

Different models were tested for confirmatory factor analysis; the findings showed that the second-order six-factor model was the most appropriate model for ITQ in the present sample. Additionally, the ITQ exhibited high reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.86 and a test-retest reliability of 0.70 over two weeks.

Conclusion

Given the strong psychometric properties of the Dari version of the International Trauma Questionnaire, it is a reliable tool for both research and clinical assessments. Its use is highly recommended for psychologists and mental health professionals in diagnostic and investigative contexts.

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Keywords : Validation, International Trauma Questionnaire, Validity, Reliability