Dietary vitamin D intake and changes in body composition over three years in older adults with metabolic syndrome - 24/12/24

Doi : 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100467

Héctor Vázquez-Lorente ^a,^b,^c,⁎, ^{^{1
Héctor Vázquez-Lorente and Jiaqi Ni contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.}} , Jiaqi Ni ^a,^b,^c,^{^{1
Héctor Vázquez-Lorente and Jiaqi Ni contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.}}, Nancy Babio ^a,^b,^c,⁎ , Ana García-Arellano ^a,^d, Dora Romaguera ^a,^e,^f, J. Alfredo Martínez ^a,^g,^h,ⁱ, Ramon Estruch ^a,^j, Vicente Martín Sánchez ^k,^l, Josep Vidal ^m,ⁿ, Montserrat Fitó ^a,^o, Maira Bes-Rastrollo ^a,^d, Jadwiga Konieczna ^a,^e,^f, Diego Martinez-Urbistondo ^a,^g,^h,ⁱ, Rosa Casas ^a,^j, Marcos García-Fernández ^p, Romina Paula Olbeyra ^m,ⁿ, Alice Chaplin ^a,^e, M. Angeles Zulet ^a,^g,^h,ⁱ, Jordi Salas-Salvadó ^a,^b,^c
^a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
^b Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, Reus, Spain
^c Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
^d Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
^e Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
^f Grupo NUTRECOR (NUTRitional Epidemiology and CardiOvasculaR physiopathology)
^g Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
^h Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program, IEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
ⁱ Departamento de Medicina y Endocrinología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
^j Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
^k Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red | Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
^l Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
^m CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
ⁿ Department of Endocrinology, Institut d`Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
^o Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
^p Centro de Salud Vidriales, SACYL, Santibañez de Vidriales, Zamora, Spain

^⁎Corresponding authors.

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Abstract

Background

Adequate intake of vitamin D through diet may offer benefits in terms of body composition.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between dietary vitamin D intake and changes in body composition in older adults over one and three years under the context of a weight loss and lifestyle behavioral intervention.

Design

Longitudinal study.

Setting

Multicenter.

Participants

This longitudinal study included 715 aged participants (mean age 65.3 ± 5.0 years, 38% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Measurements

Multivariable-adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted to investigate the longitudinal associations between dietary vitamin D intake (exposure) and body composition (outcome) with available data at baseline, one, and three years of follow-up. Data on dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using a validated 143-item food frequency questionnaire. Body composition variables (total body weight (kg), total fat mass (%), total lean mass (%), muscle-to-fat mass ratio, visceral adipose tissue (kg) and android-to-gynoid fat ratio) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results

Higher dietary vitamin D intake (for each µg/day) was associated with higher total lean mass (β: 0.10 %; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.18; P: 0.017) and muscle-to-fat mass ratio (β: 1.00 × 10^-2 ; 95% CI: 0.22 × 10^-2 to 1.78 × 10^-2; P: 0.011), and lower total body weight (β: -0.20 kg; 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.05; P: 0.007), total fat mass (β: -0.11 %; 95% CI: -0.19 to -0.02; P: 0.015), and visceral adipose tissue (β: -1.74 × 10^-2 kg; 95% CI: -3.47 × 10^-2 to -0.01 × 10^-2; P: 0.048) at one year of follow-up in the group following the intervention in the multivariable-adjusted model.

Conclusion

Dietary vitamin D intake was associated with better body composition changes in the context of a weight loss and lifestyle intervention which led to notable changes in body composition at short term.

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Keywords : vitamin D, body composition, fat mass, lean mass, ageing, older people.