The resurgence of diphtheria in Zinder, Niger - 06/12/24
, Adamou Bara Abdoul-Aziz a, Lamine Mahaman Moustapha b, c, Diongolé Hassane a, b, Souleymane Adoum Fils a, Bagnou Hamsatou b, George Thomas Abraham b, Moussa Sahada d, Hamadou Idrissa e, Sani Ousmane e, Ali Zaratou d, Garba Abdoul Aziz a, Ousmane Abdoulaye f, Adehossi Eric d, Serge Paul Eholié gHighlights |
• | The resurgence of diphtheria in Niger is due to toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. |
• | Security, environmental, and geographical constraints (nomadism, migration, conflicts, desert areas…) challenge vaccination coverage. |
• | Nineteen health districts with zero-dose children were identified from January to August 2023. |
• | High frequency of the disease in individuals under 10 years old is attributed to a lack of vaccine protection. |
• | Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains were sensitive to macrolides. |
Abstract |
Background |
Diphtheria is a re-emerging bacterial disease in developing countries with low vaccination coverage.
Objectives |
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of diphtheria cases reported to the DRSP/Zinder from March 14, 2022 through June 26, 2023.
Methods |
It includes cases reported through epidemiological surveillance and data on patients hospitalized in the infectious and tropical diseases department of the Zinder National Hospital (SMIT).
Results |
A total of 32 patients were included in this study. The median age was 12 years [4–22 years]. Key symptoms included dysphagia and odynophagia (100 %), false membranes (84.4 %), fever (46.9 %), thrombocytopenia (39.3 %), cervical lymphadenopathy (37 %), respiratory distress (15.6 %), epistaxis (12.5 %), gingival bleeding (9.4 %), agitation (6.2 %) and paresis (3.1 %). Renal function was altered in 74 % of cases. Diagnostic confirmation was procured through culture on oropharyngeal swabs. Corynebacterium diphtheriae was isolated in 26.31 % (5/19) of cases. Patients were treated with macrolides and diphtheria antitoxin. The case fatality rate was 31.2 %. Poor prognostic factors included gingival bleeding (p = 0.0262), respiratory distress (p = 0.0374), and thrombocytopenia below 50,000 platelets/mm3 (p = 0.0020).
Conclusion |
Diphtheria is a deadly re-emerging disease. The fight against this condition necessitates improved vaccination coverage.
Le texte complet de cet article est disponible en PDF.Keywords : Diphtheria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Dysphagia, Odynophagia, Diphtheria epidemic in Niger
Plan
Vol 54 - N° 8
Article 104979- décembre 2024 Retour au numéro
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