The current paper aims to explain the analysis of the data once it has been gathered. Given the multiple data analytical options available and the lack of consensus on which is optimal, we provide a series of organizing principles to better understand these options. We consider this a necessary first step before choosing an option and justifying that choice. Furthermore, in addition to discussing the applicability of each analytical option mentioned, we highlight freely available, user-friendly software that implements these options. We also include an example of application with real data to illustrate how different kinds of information can be obtained and used to draw conclusions about intervention effectiveness. Finally, we provide recommendations to applied researchers regarding planning (before data is gathered and analyzed) to increase the likelihood of conducting research that provides a solid basis for practice. We also offer recommendations related to reporting (after data is gathered and analyzed) to improve transparency.