The panzootic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 sublineage 2.3.4.4b: a critical appraisal of One Health preparedness and prevention - 28/11/24

Doi : 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00438-9

Marion P G Koopmans, ProfPhD ^a,⁎ , Casey Barton Behravesh, DVM ^b, Andrew A Cunningham, ProfPhD ^c, Wiku B Adisasmito, ProfPhD ^d, Salama Almuhairi, PhD ^e, Pépé Bilivogui, MD ^f, Salome A Bukachi, ProfPhD ^g, Natalia Casas, MSc ^h, Natalia Cediel Becerra, ProfPhD ⁱ, Dominique F Charron, PhD ^j, Abhishek Chaudhary, PhD ^k, Janice R Ciacci Zanella, PhD ^l, Osman Dar, MD ^m, Nitish Debnath, ProfPhD ⁿ, Baptiste Dungu, PhD ^o, Elmoubasher Farag, ProfPhD ^p, George F Gao, ProfDPhil ^q, Margaret Khaitsa, ProfPhD ^r, Catherine Machalaba, PhD ^s, John S Mackenzie, ProfPhD ^t, Wanda Markotter, ProfPhD ^u, Thomas C Mettenleiter, ProfPhD ^v, Serge Morand, PhD ^w, Vyacheslav Smolenskiy, PhD ^x, Lei Zhou, MD ^y, David T S Hayman, ProfPhD ^z,⁎
on behalf of the
One Health High-Level Expert Panel

^a Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, Netherlands

^b Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

^c Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK

^d Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia

^e National Emergency Crisis and Disasters Management Authority, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

^f World Health Organization, Conakry, Guinea

^g Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

^h National Ministry of Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina

ⁱ School of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá, Colombia

^j One Health Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada

^k Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, India

^l Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Concórdia, Brazil

^m Global Operations Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK

ⁿ DAI Global, Dhaka, Bangladesh

^o Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Congo

^p Ministry of Public Health, Health Protection & Communicable Diseases Division, Doha, Qatar

^q The D H Chen School of Universal Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

^r College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA

^s EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USA

^t Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia

^u Center for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

^v Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany

^w HealthDEEP, CNRS, Montpellier, France

^x Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being (Rospotrebnadzor), Moscow, Russia

^y Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

^z Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

^* Correspondence to: Prof Marion P G Koopmans, Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam 40 3015GD, Netherlands Erasmus MC Department of Viroscience Rotterdam 40 3015GD Netherlands ^** Prof David T S Hayman, Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory Hopkirk Research Institute Massey University Palmerston North 4410 New Zealand

Summary

Changes in the epidemiology and ecology of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza are devastating wild bird and poultry populations, farms and communities, and wild mammals worldwide. Having originated in farmed poultry, H5N1 viruses are now spread globally by wild birds, with transmission to many mammal and avian species, resulting in 2024 in transmission among dairy cattle with associated human cases. These ecological changes pose challenges to mitigating the impacts of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza on wildlife, ecosystems, domestic animals, food security, and humans. H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza highlights the need for One Health approaches to pandemic prevention and preparedness, emphasising multisectoral collaborations among animal, environmental, and public health sectors. Action is needed to reduce future pandemic risks by preventing transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza among domestic and wild animals and people, focusing on upstream drivers of outbreaks, and ensuring rapid responses and risk assessments for zoonotic outbreaks. Political commitment and sustainable funding are crucial to implementing and maintaining prevention programmes, surveillance, and outbreak responses.

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Plan

Introduction

Background on influenza

Epidemics, epizootics, and pandemics

Early identification of zoonotic influenza virus outbreaks and pandemic risk assessment

Comparing the current panzootic with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza poultry outbreaks in Asia since 1996

Weaknesses in pandemic preparedness and prevention

Suggestions moving forward

Implications for pandemic instruments under development

Conclusion

Contributors

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Vol 24 - N° 12

P. e774-e781 - décembre 2024 Retour au numéro

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The panzootic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 sublineage 2.3.4.4b: a critical appraisal of One Health preparedness and prevention - 28/11/24

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