Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a condition where pain relief medications cause chronic headaches due to excessive use. Recent advancements highlight the effectiveness of preventive treatments like anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies. Current strategies combine medication withdrawal and preventive treatments, with corticosteroids traditionally used to ease withdrawal symptoms.

This is a prospective three-arm observational cohort study comparing the effectiveness and safety of galcanezumab alone, galcanezumab plus prednisone and prednisone alone for the treatment of MOH. We enrolled 75 patients. Prednisone was administered at an initial dose of 50mg daily, and then tapered off over 28days. Duration of follow-up was 3months.

All treatments proved effective (P<0.001). We found a significant reduction of mean monthly days with headache in the galcanezumab plus prednisone group (baseline: 25, IQR: 20–30; after 3months: 7, IQR: 5–10), in the galcanezumab group (baseline: 25, IQR: 20–30; after 3months: 10, IQR: 5–14) and in the Prednisone group (baseline: 25, IQR: 20–28; after 3months: median: 15 days, IQR: 8–22days). Patients treated with prednisone reported a higher incidence of side effects (P=0.002).

Our study indicates that both galcanezumab and prednisone decrease the frequency of headaches in patients with MOH. The combined usage of these treatments showed the highest reduction in mean monthly headache days. However, treatment with prednisone determined a significant rate of adverse events, therefore we suggest its use only in unresponsive patients. In all other patients galcanezumab appears to be a safe and effective option.