Global trends in melanoma burden: A comprehensive analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990-2021 - 30/10/24

Doi : 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.09.035

Yulin Sun, PhD ^a, Yiming Shen, PhD ^b, Qian Liu, MS ^c, Hao Zhang, BA ^d, Lingling Jia, PhD ^a, Yi Chai, PhD ^e,^f,^g, Hua Jiang, PhD ^a,^⁎ , Minjuan Wu, PhD ^d,^⁎ , Yufei Li, PhD ^a,^⁎
^a Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
^b Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
^c Department of Stomatology, Sijing Hospital, Shanghai, China
^d Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
^e Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
^f The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
^g School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

^∗Correspondence to: Hua Jiang, PhD, Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China.Department of Plastic SurgeryShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine150 Jimo RdShanghai200120China^∗∗Minjuan Wu, PhD, Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China.Department of Histology and EmbryologyCollege of Basic Medical SciencesNaval Medical University800 Xiangyin RdShanghai200433China^∗∗∗Yufei Li, PhD, Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Rd, Shanghai, 200120, China.Department of Plastic SurgeryShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine150 Jimo RdShanghai200120China

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Abstract

Background

Melanoma, a significant global health concern, has shown evolving epidemiologic trends. Accurate estimation of melanoma's burden is essential for public health strategies and interventions.

Objectives

This study aims to estimate the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years for melanoma, stratified by region, gender, and age group, from 1990 to 2021.

Methods

Using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021, we analyzed melanoma incidence, mortality rates, and disability-adjusted life years in 204 countries from 1990 to 2021. These metrics were age-standardized and stratified by age, sex, Socio-Demographic Index, region, and country. The estimated annual percentage change was calculated to track temporal trends.

Results

Our study shows a substantial global increase in melanoma incidence, with significant disparities between genders and age groups. Higher Socio-Demographic Index regions had increased incidence rates, while global mortality declined, likely due to improved detection and treatment.

Limitations

The reliance on estimates and models may introduce bias due to variability in disease definitions, diagnostic criteria, and data collection methods.

Conclusion

This study underscores the dynamic nature of melanoma's burden and the need for targeted, age-specific, and gender-specific interventions. Continued research is essential to address the growing challenges posed by melanoma.

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Key words : DALYs, epidemiology, Global Burden of Disease, incidence, melanoma, mortality, sociodemographic index

Abbreviations used : ASDR, ASIR, ASMR, ASR, CI, DALYs, EAPC, GBD, SDI, UI

Plan

Introduction

Methods

Results

Global burden and trends of age-standardized rates of melanoma from 1990 to 2021

Global burden and changing trends of melanoma by gender and age

Global burden and changing trends of melanoma by regions

Global burden and changing trends of melanoma by countries

Discussion

Limitations

Conclusions

	Drs Sun, Shen, and Liu, and Author Zhang contributed equally to this work and are the co-first authors.
	Drs Jiang, Wu, and Li contributed equally to this work and are the co-correspondence.
	Funding sources: This work was supported by the Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (231103242232720), and Clinical Research Plan (SEHHH-2021(KJ)-0669-KJB-485、SEHHH-2023(KJ)-0143-KYB-111).
	Patient consent: The authors declare patient consent was not needed for this study.
	IRB approval status: The study was exempted from review by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
	Previously published data: No data from this study have been previously published.
	Data availability: Data will be made available on request.