To determine rates of urology follow-up and implementation of stone prevention measures after stone surgery and to assess variation in care delivery within a large, integrated healthcare system.

We used nationwide data from the United States Veterans Health Administration to identify patients who had stone surgery between 2016 and 2018 and who were at higher risk for recurrence. Our cohort included 13,444 Veterans across 90 facilities. We examined the proportion of patients who had a post-operative urology visit or who received a prevention measure (24-hour urine test, serum parathyroid hormone measurement, or prescription of a stone-related medication) within 6 months of stone surgery. We calculated the median odds ratio to quantify facility-level variation in urology care after stone surgery, adjusting for patient- and facility-level characteristics.

Within 6 months of stone surgery, 94.2% Veterans had a urology visit, yet only 8.8% completed 24-hour urine testing, 8.4% had a parathyroid hormone measurement, and 31.0% were prescribed a stone-related medication. Implementation of prevention measures varied widely across facilities with the median odds ratio ranging between 1.18 for medication prescriptions and 1.77 for 24-hour urine testing.

While most patients have a urology visit after stone surgery, stone prevention measures were implemented infrequently and inconsistently for patients at higher risk for recurrence, indicating an opportunity for quality improvement.